Use of Ground Penetrating Radar to Study Spatial Variability and Soil Stratigraphy

Abstract

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that uses electromagnetic waves to study subsurface structure in different fields such as geology, agriculture and civil engineering. The wave penetration in the soil is strongly controlled by the electrical conductivity of soil components such as clay, organic matter, and water. In this study, tests were conducted in a floodplain in the Elizabeth Creek watershed (New Jersey-USA). We established one transect where measurements were completed using two techniques, common mid point (CMP) and constant offset profile (COP), both with 100-MHz frequency antennas. Measurements were also completed using 250 and 500 MHz shielded antennas. GPR showed good accuracy to study soil spatial variability and stratigraphy. Antennas of a higher frequency had less vertical investigation capacity and greater accuracy. In this study, it was not possible to clearly differentiate signals from organic matter and clay; this was the main limitation of the GPR system.

Application of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electromagnetic (EM34-3) Geophysical Tools and Sedimentology for the Evaluation of the Subsurface of Sites Earmarked for Aquaculture Ponds in the Amazon Region of Northern Brazil

“…initial excavations confirmed the findings of the geophysical survey and the sedime logical analyses. The maximum depth of these ponds is approximately 1.6 m (Figure Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) can be tremely valuable for the collection of spatial data that correlate with the soil types Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) can be extremely valuable for the collection of spatial data that correlate with the soil types and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) can be extremely valuable for the collection of spatial data that correlate with the soil types and hydrological properties of a terrain (e.g., [88][89][90][91][92]). The geophysical survey techniques employed in the present study have also been used to successfully investigate the physical properties of the soil and subsoil in research in scientific fields such as agronomy, archeology, hydrology, and wetland ecology (e.g., [23,37,88,[93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106]).…”

Revisão Bibliográfica De Métodos Não Destrutivos Para Investigação Em Campo De Falhas Em Sistema De Impermeabilização: Termografia Por Infravermelho, Georadar (Gpr)e Condutividade Elétrica

“…De acordo com Campos et al (2019), Georadar pode ser utilizado para estudar a estrutura do subsolo em diferentes campos, como a geologia, agricultura e engenharia civil. A penetração das ondas no solo é controlada pela condutividade elétrica dos componentes do solo, como argila, matéria orgânica e água.…”

Investigating soil layers with ground penetrating radar in the modern Yellow River Delta of China

“…This is particularly useful for soil surveys in the Yellow River Delta, which has highly heterogeneous spatial features, soil characteristics and land use patterns (Yao et al., 2006). Compared to remote sensing techniques, GPR has superior measurement precision and large measuring depths (Brevik et al., 2016; Campos et al., 2019; Cavallo et al., 2016; Jackson et al., 1996; Zajícová & Chuman, 2019). Compared to electromagnetic induction, GPR provides higher resolution subsurface structure data for soil and bedrock, facilitating the combination of the two methods for analysing groundwater flow (Doolittle et al., 2012).…”