Use of Free Responses and Cluster Analysis to Determine Stereotypes of Eight Groups

Niemann, Yolanda Flores; Jennings, Leilani; Rozelle, Richard M.; Baxter, James C.; Sullivan, Elroy

doi:10.1177/0146167294204005

Cited by 186 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However regarding attitudes by others about Asian-Ameri can men, Niemann, Jennings, Rozelle, Baxter and Sullivan (1994) found that among Uni versity of Houston students, Asian-American men were considered intelligent, short, achievement oriented, soft spoken, and hard workers. From an augmentative social repre sentation perspective, this suggests that Asian-American masculinity is socially con structed around "model minority" maleness and not in terms of the dominant construc tion of masculinity.…”

Section: About Asian-american Male Masculinitiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Negotiating New Asian-American Masculinities: Attitudes and Gender Expectations

Chua¹,

Fujino²

1999

The Journal of Men’s Studies

108

133

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Historically, U.S. institutional practices have rendered Asian-American men as simultaneously hypermasculine and emasculated. Today, the model minority myth and asexual media representations have emphasized the feminized Asian-American male. Yet, no empirical study has examined how Asian-American men construct their own masculinities. Toward this end, this study sought to examine: (a) how college-age Asian-American and white men express their masculinities, (b) how Asian-American and white women perceive Asian-American masculinities, and (c) how Asian-American men negotiate their gender expectations. Through quantitative analysis of surveys, we found that U.S.-born and immigrant Asian men view their masculinity as distinct from white hegemonic masculinity. Unlike white men, Asian-American men did not view their masculinity in opposition to their femininity. Some Asian-American men, especially the U.S.-born, appeared to be creating a new, more flexible masculinity—one free from male dominance. U.S.-born Asian men linked their masculinity with certain caring characteristics and were the only men's group willing to do domestic tasks. Women viewed Asian-American men as having more traditional gender roles and being more nurturing, in contrast to their views of white men, which matched American norms of masculinity. Overall, these results contribute to the masculinity literature by showing how Asian-American men negotiate their contradictory positions as members of a privileged gender group and subordinate racial groups.

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Section: About Asian-american Male Masculinitiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Negotiating New Asian-American Masculinities: Attitudes and Gender Expectations

Chua¹,

Fujino²

1999

The Journal of Men’s Studies

108

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The data thus obtained allow the researcher to detect stereotypes that are most strongly associated withand that are the most salient about-the objects under study (Ehrlich & Rinehart, 1965;Niemann et al, 1994;Spencer-Rodgers, 2001). Free-response technique has several shortcomings as well.…”

Section: Stereotype Measurement Techniques: Check-list Vs Free-responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Stereotypes About the Target Language Country: A Case of German Language Learners

Nikitina

Don

Cheong

2014

RLA

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Language learners bring into the classroom a multitude of stereotypes about the target language country, culture and native speakers. Recognizing an important role that these images play in the process of learning a foreign language, several research studies have explored stereotypes held by language learners. For the most part, these studies were qualitative in nature and they mainly focused on the stereotype content. There is also a lack of studies that examine frequency and salience of the stereotypical images about Germany held by the learners of German. The current mixed methods study addresses these gaps. It extends research on stereotypes in the field of applied linguistics by qualitatively exploring the content and quantitatively assessing favourability and salience of the language learners' stereotypical images. This study was conducted among beginner learners of German in a big public university in Malaysia. The findings revealed that the students' stereotypes about Germany included references to sport, science, technology, industry, culture, history, people, language, geography and food. The most salient stereotypes were "football", "cars", "technology", "engineering", "Volkswagen" and "big industries." For the most part, the stereotypes about Germany held by the students were positive.Keywords: Country stereotypes, foreign language learners, stereotype favourability, stereotype salience, mixed methods. RESUMENLos alumnos traen a la clase una multitud de estereotipos sobre la lengua a estudiar, la cultura y también sobre los hablantes nativos. Reconociendo el importante papel que éstos juegan en el proceso de aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera, se han llevado a cabo varias investigaciones que han explorado los estereotipos que los estudiantes de idiomas poseen. En su mayor parte, estos estudios fueron de carácter cualitativo y se centraron principalmente en el contenido de los estereotipos. No existen suficientes estudios que examinen la frecuencia y la relevancia de los estereotipos que se han divulgado entre los estudiantes de alemán. Los actuales métodos-mixtos se encargan de estudiar estos vacíos. Se ha extendido la investigación sobre los estereotipos en el campo de la lingüística aplicada para explorar cualitativamente el contenido y evaluar cuantitativamente la relevancia de las imágenes estereotipadas en los alumnos de idiomas. Este estudio se realizó con alumnos principiantes de la lengua alemana en una gran universidad en Malasia. Los resultados revelaron que los estereotipos de los estudiantes sobre Alemania incluían referencias deportivas, científicas, tecnológicas, industriales, culturales, históricas, sobre su gente, su lenguaje, su geografía y la riqueza culinaria. El estereotipo más representativo fue el fútbol, los automóviles, la tecnología, la ingeniería, Volkswagen y las grandes industrias. La mayoría de los estudiantes tenían estereotipos muy positivos con respecto a Alemania.Palabras clave: Estereotipos de un país, estudiantes de lengua extranjera, aspectos positivos de...

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“…Structured approaches prevail in social psychology research where investigators use a research instrument that contains a set of personal traits or characteristics attached to a group of people (Katz and Braly 1935;Niemann et al 1994). There are many advantages to using structured approaches: it is relatively easy to analyse the data, the findings tend to yield a well-defined structure and it is possible to make comparisons among the findings of various studies that employed the same instrument.…”

Section: Exploring Stereotype Content: Structured and Unstructured Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotypes as an interdisciplinary construct: Implications for applied linguistics research

Nikitina¹

2017

suvlin

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Stereotypes as an interdisciplinary construct: Implications for applied linguistics researchStudies on stereotypes have been done in various academic disciplines, which makes stereotypes a truly interdisciplinary construct. This article offers a review of literature on country and national stereotypes. It examines the origins of the construct of stereotypes and methodologies employed to investigate it. The article also highlights gaps -both theoretical and methodological -in research on country and national stereotypes in the field of applied linguistics. The final part of the article suggests future directions for research on stereotypes in applied linguistics, discusses theoretical and methodological considerations for future studies on country and national stereotypes in the field and highlights pedagogical implications that can be drawn from these studies.

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Use of Free Responses and Cluster Analysis to Determine Stereotypes of Eight Groups

Cited by 186 publications

References 21 publications

Negotiating New Asian-American Masculinities: Attitudes and Gender Expectations

Negotiating New Asian-American Masculinities: Attitudes and Gender Expectations

Investigating Stereotypes About the Target Language Country: A Case of German Language Learners

Stereotypes as an interdisciplinary construct: Implications for applied linguistics research

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