Use of expanded copper mesh grid for negative electrodes of sealed lead storage batteries

Lushina, M. V.; Kamenev, Yu; Leonov, V. V.; Ostapenko, E. I.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.044

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In recent years, copper and copper-based nanoparticles (CuNPs) have been used for industrial purposes [1,2], electrical equipment [3], construction materials [4], antimicrobial agents [5], and alloy Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1126; doi:10.3390/nano10061126 www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterials formation with other metals. CuNPs are increasingly used in various sectors, including as catalysts in organic synthesis [6][7][8], for drug delivery [9], sensors [10][11][12][13][14], agriculture and food preservation [15][16][17][18], and paint and water treatment [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Copper and Copper Nanoparticle Toxicity in Fish

et al. 2020

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This review summarizes the present knowledge on the toxicity of copper and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) to various fish species. In previous decades, the excessive usage of metal and metallic nanoparticles has increased significantly, increasing the probability of the accumulation and discharge of metals in various trophic levels of the environment. Due to these concerns, it is important to understand the toxicity mechanisms of metals and metallic nanoparticles before they lead to unhealthy effects on human health. In this review paper, we specifically focus on the effect of metal copper and CuNPs on different fish organs under different physiochemical parameters of various water bodies. Nowadays, different forms of copper have distinctive and specific usages, e.g., copper sulfate is a well-established pesticide which is used to control the growth of algae in lakes and ponds. Deactivating the fungi enzymes prevents fungal spores from germinating. This process of deactivation is achieved via the free cupric ions, which are established as the most toxic forms of copper. Complexes of copper with other ligands may or may not be bioavailable for use in aquatic organisms. On the other hand, CuNPs have shown cost-effectiveness and numerous promising uses, but the toxicity and availability of copper in a nanoparticle form is largely unknown, Additionally, physiochemical factors such as the hardness of the water, alkalinity, presence of inorganic and organic ligands, levels of pH, and temperature in various different water bodies affect the toxicity caused by copper and CuNPs. However, comprehensive knowledge and data regarding the pattern of toxicity for copper metal ions and CuNPs in marine organisms is still limited. In this review, we carry out a critical analysis of the availability of the toxicological profiles of copper metal ions and CuNPs for different fishes in order to understand the toxicity mechanisms of copper and CuNPs. We believe that this review will provide valuable information on the toxicological profile of copper, which will further help in devising safe guidelines for the usage of copper and CuNPs in a sustainable manner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Copper and Copper Nanoparticle Toxicity in Fish

et al. 2020

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“…The heavy weight is a direct result of the use of large amounts of lead in the electrodes, both in the grids and in the active materials [4]. To improve the specific energy, lightweight, electronically conductive materials have been proposed as potential substitutes for lead alloy grids [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pitch-based carbon foam current collectors on the electrochemical properties of lead acid battery negative electrodes

Chen

et al. 2008

J Appl Electrochem

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Pitch-based carbon foams prepared by a template method were used as negative current collectors to assemble flooded lead acid batteries, and the effect of the current collectors on the performance of the negative electrodes was investigated. Comparative galvanostatic charge-discharge tests show that the utilization efficiencies of the active material on the carbon foam negative current collector are 14% and 30% higher than those of the material on a lead grid one at 20 and 10 h discharge rates, respectively. Further EIS tests imply that there are also significant differences in the impedance spectra between the two electrodes. SEM images reveal that at the fully charged state, the particle size of the active material formed on the carbon foam current collector is much more uniform than that on the lead grid.

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Metallic Negatives

Binder

2011

Handbook of Battery Materials

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Use of expanded copper mesh grid for negative electrodes of sealed lead storage batteries

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Review of Copper and Copper Nanoparticle Toxicity in Fish

Review of Copper and Copper Nanoparticle Toxicity in Fish

Influence of pitch-based carbon foam current collectors on the electrochemical properties of lead acid battery negative electrodes

Metallic Negatives

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