Use of ESR to investigate formation of free radicals on compounding rubbers with carbon blacks

Jamróz, Michał H.; Kozłowski, K.; Sieniakowski, M.; Jachym, B.

doi:10.1002/pol.1977.170150607

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

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ESR study of rubber‐carbon black interaction

Kozłiowski

1979

Acta Polymerica

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Benzene extract ESR spectra of natural rubber/various kinds of carbon black mixtures have been examined. Existence of two types of rubber radicals has been found, i. e. the radicals of unbound rubber and rubber radicals stabilized by interaction with carbon black particles. It has been demonstrated that bounding of rubber macromolecules with carbon black particles takes place always in the same ratio determined by the number of polymer chain structural units and active sites of carbon black particles. ESR-Untersuchung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Kautschuk und RUBDer Benzolextrakt von Mischungen aus Kautschuk und verschiedenen RuBsorten wurde ESR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Zwei Arten von Kautschukradikalen wurden gefunden, namlich die Radikale des nichtgebundenen Kautschuks und durch Wechselwirkung mit den RuSteilchen stabilisierte Radikale. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daD die Bindung der Kautschukmolekiile an die RuSteilchen immer in dem gleichen Verhaltnis erfolgt, das von der Anzahl der Struktureinheiten der Polymerkette sowie der aktiven Zentren der RuBteilchen bestimmt wird. Mcwe8oealcue no .wemoay 3lIP eaawoaezkmew nayytcc m a mCCJIeAOBaH0 CIIeKTpaJIbHkJe JIHHHIl 3nP nPOAYHTOB BKCTPaKqHEI 6 e~s o n o~ HaTYPaJIbHOrO KapyKa C npHMeCbI0 pa3JIH4HbIX THlTOB CamH. HOATBepMAeHO CyWeCTBOBaHHe ABYX TIlIIOB PaAMKaJIOB HaysyKa: CB060gHbIe PaAElKaJIhI HeCBJiBaHHOrO KayqyHa EI PaAmKaJIbI Hay4yKa, CTa6HJlH3HPOBaHHbIe BJIEIHHIleM 4aCTHq CaMEi. npOfEBJTeH0, 4TO AeJIeHOB 4ElCJIOM CTPYKTYPHblX enHHElIl KayqyKa H qeHTPOB aKTHBRbIX ¶aCTHq CWKEl. cBmb Memny MaKpoMoJIeKynam KaygyKa a sacmqaMH cam8 npoacxoAaT Bcerna B aTot caMoi nponopqaa, onpe-81 -88. KOZLOWSRI, K., JAMROZ, M., SEUPHOWSRI, T., and JACHYM, B.: Polymer 19 (1978) 709-710. 685-693.

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ESR study of rubber‐carbon black interaction

Kozłiowski

1979

Acta Polymerica

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Influence of γ‐irradiation on proton spin–lattice relaxation of SBR used as antirads and its ESR investigation

El-Sayed

El-Aziz

Rammadan

et al. 1994

Polymer International

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Proton spin–lattice relaxation time t1 was measured on SBR samples with carbon black or kaolin filler using modified linseed oil. The NMR pulse technique at 90MHz was used in the temperature range from 180 to 400 K. The temperature dependence of t1 indicates that samples filled with carbon black have similar molecular dynamics to the standard unfilled SBR samples. The activation energy for the motion of the main chain for these samples amounts to 16.4kJ/mol. Samples containing linseed oil modified with para‐toluidine showed an activation energy of about 14.6kJ/mol and were not affected by γ‐irradiation. Values of the minimum relaxation time tmin1 were increased by γ‐irradiation in comparison with a standard SBR sample. ESR measurements carried out at room temperature by means of an X‐band spectrometer indicated that unidentified radicals within the rubber were formed during its mastication with vulcanizing additives. The ESR spectra did not change during the vulcanization process. Samples filled with carbon black showed a broadening of the ESR line; this is consistent with the increase in the electrical conductivity.

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