Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Analyze Blood Flow, Hemolysis and Sublethal Damage to Red Blood Cells in a Bileaflet Artificial Heart Valve

James, Madison E.; Papavassiliou, Dimitrios V.; O’Rear, Edgar A.

doi:10.3390/fluids4010019

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The linear strain field used here is the simplest of all, being in a single direction: but it is consistent with that imposed by a stretched gel as used in our NMR experiments [14]. Much more complicated deformations occur in flowing systems, in which some domains of the RBC membrane are stressed into more positive curvature while others simultaneously undergo more negative curvature [37][38][39][40]. The ability of the RBC to accommodate these contortions decreases with the age of the cell and is posited as a major…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Transient, distorted shapes exist in RBCs when they are in regions of high velocity that impose non-laminar flow around prosthetic and even healthy heart valves. Flow changes occur during valve development in cardiogenesis, in particular, and this flow is modified around calcified or diseased valves not just prosthetic ones [39,40], so there is considerable merit in having a computationally accessible means of modelling RBC shape changes with the methods presented here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface model of the human red blood cell simulating changes in membrane curvature under strain

Kuchel

Cox

Daners

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The highly deformable red blood cell (erythrocyte; RBC) responds to mechanically imposed shape changes with enhanced glycolytic flux and cation transport. Such morphological changes are produced experimentally by suspending the cells in a gelatin gel, which is then elongated or compressed in a special apparatus inside an NMR spectrometer. However, direct mathematical predictions of the shapes of the morphed cells have not been reported before. We used recently available functions in Mathematica to triangularize and then compute four types of curvature. The RBCs were described by a previously presented quartic equation in three dimensional (3D) Cartesian space. A key finding was the extent to which the maximum and minimum Principal Curvatures were localized symmetrically in patches at the poles or equators and distributed in rings around the main axis of the strained RBC. The simulations, on the nano-metre to micro-meter scale of curvature, suggest activation of only a subset of the intrinsic mechanosensitive cation channels, Piezo1, during experiments carried out with controlled distortions that persist for many hours. This view is consistent with a recent proposal for non-uniform distribution of Piezo1 molecules around the RBC membrane. On the other hand, if the curvature that gates Piezo1 is at a much finer length scale, then membrane tension will determine local curvature and micron scale curvature as described here will be less likely to influence Piezo1 activity. The geometrical reorganization of the simulated cytoskeleton helps understanding of the concerted metabolic and cation-flux responses of the RBC to mechanically imposed shape changes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface model of the human red blood cell simulating changes in membrane curvature under strain

Kuchel

Cox

Daners

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The linear strain field used here is the simplest of all, being in a single direction: but it is consistent with that imposed by a stretched gel, as used in our NMR experiments 15 . Much more complicated deformations occur in flowing systems, in which some domains of the RBC membrane are stressed into more positive curvature, while others simultaneously undergo more negative curvature 48 – 51 . The ability of the RBC to accommodate these contortions decreases with the age of the cell and it is posited as a major factor in what determines RBC survival, for ~ 120 days in the circulation 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface model of the human red blood cell simulating changes in membrane curvature under strain

Kuchel

Cox

Daners

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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We present mathematical simulations of shapes of red blood cells (RBCs) and their cytoskeleton when they are subjected to linear strain. The cell surface is described by a previously reported quartic equation in three dimensional (3D) Cartesian space. Using recently available functions in Mathematica to triangularize the surfaces we computed four types of curvature of the membrane. We also mapped changes in mesh-triangle area and curvatures as the RBCs were distorted. The highly deformable red blood cell (erythrocyte; RBC) responds to mechanically imposed shape changes with enhanced glycolytic flux and cation transport. Such morphological changes are produced experimentally by suspending the cells in a gelatin gel, which is then elongated or compressed in a custom apparatus inside an NMR spectrometer. A key observation is the extent to which the maximum and minimum Principal Curvatures are localized symmetrically in patches at the poles or equators and distributed in rings around the main axis of the strained RBC. Changes on the nanometre to micro-meter scale of curvature, suggest activation of only a subset of the intrinsic mechanosensitive cation channels, Piezo1, during experiments carried out with controlled distortions, which persist for many hours. This finding is relevant to a proposal for non-uniform distribution of Piezo1 molecules around the RBC membrane. However, if the curvature that gates Piezo1 is at a very fine length scale, then membrane tension will determine local curvature; so, curvatures as computed here (in contrast to much finer surface irregularities) may not influence Piezo1 activity. Nevertheless, our analytical methods can be extended address these new mechanistic proposals. The geometrical reorganization of the simulated cytoskeleton informs ideas about the mechanism of concerted metabolic and cation-flux responses of the RBC to mechanically imposed shape changes.

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“…Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is widely used to simulate fluid flow which cannot be experimentally reproduced. In the fields of neurosurgery and cardiovascular surgery, CFD allows hemodynamic parameters to be assessed non-invasively as an alternative to experiments on living bodies [17][18][19][20][21]. With help from modern mathematical modeling, we believe we are able to simulate the interaction between blood and biomaterial surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Simulation of Fibrinogen around Dental Implant Surfaces

Kitajima

Hirota

Iwai

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Ultraviolet treatment of titanium implants makes their surfaces hydrophilic and enhances osseointegration. However, the mechanism is not fully understood. This study hypothesizes that the recruitment of fibrinogen, a critical molecule for blood clot formation and wound healing, is influenced by the degrees of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the implant surfaces. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) implant models were created for fluid flow simulation. The hydrophilicity level was expressed by the contact angle between the implant surface and blood plasma, ranging from 5° (superhydrophilic), 30° (hydrophilic) to 50° and 70° (hydrophobic), and 100° (hydrorepellent). The mass of fibrinogen flowing into the implant interfacial zone (fibrinogen infiltration) increased in a time dependent manner, with a steeper slope for surfaces with greater hydrophilicity. The mass of blood plasma absorbed into the interfacial zone (blood plasma infiltration) was also promoted by the hydrophilic surfaces but it was rapid and non-time-dependent. There was no linear correlation between the fibrinogen infiltration rate and the blood plasma infiltration rate. These results suggest that hydrophilic implant surfaces promote both fibrinogen and blood plasma infiltration to their interface. However, the infiltration of the two components were not proportional, implying a selectively enhanced recruitment of fibrinogen by hydrophilic implant surfaces.

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Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Analyze Blood Flow, Hemolysis and Sublethal Damage to Red Blood Cells in a Bileaflet Artificial Heart Valve

Cited by 18 publications

References 62 publications

Surface model of the human red blood cell simulating changes in membrane curvature under strain

Surface model of the human red blood cell simulating changes in membrane curvature under strain

Surface model of the human red blood cell simulating changes in membrane curvature under strain

Computational Fluid Simulation of Fibrinogen around Dental Implant Surfaces

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