USE of COC substrates for millimeter‐wave devices

This work presents a novel method for fast characterization of broadband and continuous dielectric properties of microwave substrates based on an ungrounded coplanar waveguide (UGCPW) structure containing two simple straight lines. The proposed method could, to some extent, alleviate the derivation error due to connector soldering and device fabrication. To verify this point, theoretical analysis and result comparisons are carried out. By considering both the conductor loss and radiation loss, the dielectric loss tangent can be retrieved with a high precision. The deviation of the measured dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent are found to be within 0.03 (0.68%, 4.37 vs 4.40) and 0.0013 (6.5%, 0.0213 vs 0.02), respectively, in the range from 12 to 20 GHz, which is more accurate than the results reported in the literature, all while the proposed extraction approach is simpler than other methods such as the wave cascading matrix (WCM) algorithm. Due to the UGCPW configuration, this method is suitable for property evaluation of emerging synthesized dielectric materials, as a single round of electroplating process is required for device design, which can eliminate possible consistency error in conductor thickness and roughness caused by multiple electroplating process. INDEX TERMS Dielectric properties, ungrounded coplanar waveguide (UGCPW), dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent, FR4.

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“…By combining equations (5) and (6), the following relation with less connection/soldering errors is obtained:…”

Section: Proposed Methods and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ungrounded Coplanar Waveguide Based Straight Line Methods for Broadband and Continuous Dielectric Characterization of Microwave Substrates

et al. 2020

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“…Table summaries the comparisons between the performances of published subharmonic mixers and integrated receivers in the similar frequency range . To make it clear, the DSB noise temperature and the conversion loss are theoretically half of the SSB noise temperature and conversion loss.…”

Section: Measurement and Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

220 GHz wideband integrated receiver front end based on planar Schottky diodes

Yang

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this article, a 220 GHz wideband receiver front end is proposed, featuring a 220 GHz subharmonic mixer and a 110 GHz wideband tripler integrated in one single block. The 220 GHz subharmonic mixer and 110 GHz tripler are firstly developed separately with proper planar Schottky diodes. According to the simulated and experimental results, the direct combination of independent mixer and tripler will lead to deterioration of the front end's performances, especially for wideband receivers. This indicates the necessity of building matching network between the cascade circuits in wideband submillimeter receivers. To improve the integral performances of the receiver front end and reduce its size, the combination of the subharmonic mixer and the tripler was optimized with load‐pull techniques and realized in one block. Measured results reveal that the single sideband (SSB) conversion loss of the integrated receiver front end is 7.5‐11 dB from 185 to 250 GHz, while the double sideband (DSB) noise temperature is 750‐1600 K within this frequency range. The integrated front end features half size of the combination of independent modules and better performances. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results shows that the integration and optimization techniques can be applied to realize compact terahertz systems in the future.

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“…COC has an absorption coefficient and loss tangent of α = 0.2 cm −1 and tan δ = 7 × 10 −4 , respectively, at 1 THz, which is three orders of magnitude lower as compared to those of frequently used polymeric substrates. COC also has a constant refractive index over a broad bandwidth, can be spun to different thicknesses, and can be treated with low‐to‐high processing temperature based on the glass transition temperature . Due to its extremely low loss tangent, biocompatibility, and high chemical stability, COC has been employed as substrate material in polarizers, antennas, microstrip lines and grounded coplanar waveguides, aperture and free‐space mesh filters, bendable polymer‐type terahertz photonic crystal fibers, and widely as microfluidic channels for lab‐on‐a‐chip devices …”

Section: Fabrication Of Single and Multilayer Terahertz Metasurface Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, application of COC is curbed with adhesion challenges with respect to metal resonators and to ground planes. Solutions such as oxygen plasma or UV treatment of COC and direct deposition of gold (Au) resonators on COC have been proposed . Exposing or immersing COC to a mixture of a polar solvent, such as acetone or a nonpolar solvent, such as cyclohexane, has also been proposed for biochemical applications where heat or plasma treatment is not favored .…”

Section: Fabrication Of Single and Multilayer Terahertz Metasurface Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectrics for Terahertz Metasurfaces: Material Selection and Fabrication Techniques

Ako

Upadhyay

Withayachumnankul

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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on distinctive spectral signatures resulting from vibrational modes of covalent and hydrogen bonds. [8,[13][14][15][16] The focus on this spectrally rich region is attributed to the highly coherent and nonionizing nature of terahertz radiation, wide unallocated frequency bands, distinctive wavelengths, and their penetration through a significant depth of dielectric materials. Terahertz technology is geared toward realizing devices that can efficiently manipulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of terahertz radiations for the above-mentioned myriad of applications.However, progress in this domain is held back by low terahertz power available from compact sources, high free-space path loss, and limited choice of materials that exhibit less absorption of terahertz waves. [17] Owing to the fact that natural materials demonstrate weak wave-matter interaction at terahertz frequencies, terahertz devices with engineered subwavelength resonant metallic inclusions on dielectric spacers have been realized, to interact strongly with an incident electromagnetic wave.In the past, metamaterials have been a promising route to building terahertz devices. These devices have in essence been engineered as 3D resonating elements that effectively manipulate both permittivity and permeability of an effective medium to couple to free space. The underlining disadvantage of these structures is the difficulty involved in the fabrication of 3D geometrical structures using standard semiconductor fabrication techniques. Standard fabrication techniques are generally amenable to 2D design with extrusion of these structures into thickness (the third, vertical dimension). Moreover, the choice and availability of dielectric materials and metals that provide sufficient interaction while retaining device efficiency has proved challenging. [13,[18][19][20] Recently, effective manipulation of electromagnetic wave has been widely demonstrated with 2D metasurfaces, which were originally employed as building blocks for 3D metamaterials. In these lower-dimension designs, effective manipulation of terahertz waves for various applications is achieved by carefully designing sub-wavelength resonant structures as is evident in published review articles. [21,22] Metasurfaces present high degree of compactness that enhances radiation efficiency. Additionally, the planar form factor of metasurfaces enables Manipulation of terahertz radiation opens new opportunities that underpin application areas in communication, security, material sensing, and characterization. Metasurfaces employed for terahertz manipulation of phase, amplitude, or polarization of terahertz waves have limitations in radiation efficiency which is attributed to losses in the materials constituting the devices. Metallic resonators-based terahertz devices suffer from high ohmic losses, while dielectric substrates and spacers with high relative permittivity and loss tangent also reduce bandwidth and efficiency. To overcome these issues, a proper choice of low loss and low relative permittivi...

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USE of COC substrates for millimeter‐wave devices

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Ungrounded Coplanar Waveguide Based Straight Line Methods for Broadband and Continuous Dielectric Characterization of Microwave Substrates

Ungrounded Coplanar Waveguide Based Straight Line Methods for Broadband and Continuous Dielectric Characterization of Microwave Substrates

220 GHz wideband integrated receiver front end based on planar Schottky diodes

Dielectrics for Terahertz Metasurfaces: Material Selection and Fabrication Techniques

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