Use of catalytic materials for the mitigation of mineral fouling

Efficacy of different antifouling treatments for seawater cooling systems

“…Also, natural biocides have been observed to be able to mitigate the problem of biofouling on structures in contact with seawater (Eguı´a and Trueba 2007). Additionally, the validity of physical water treatments such as pulsed electric fields (Cho et al 2005) or flow inversion (Eguı´a et al 2008a) and the use of catalytic materials (Lee et al 2006) were recently evaluated for fouling control.…”

Physical water treatment using RF electric fields for the mitigation of CaCO3 fouling in cooling water

“…Numerous studies have been reported for the effectiveness of the use of permanent magnets [3,4,8,11,[17][18][19][20], solenoid coils [3,4,8,[21][22][23][24], catalytic materials like copper, zinc [25,26], and titanium [16], and ultrasounds [10]. In this paper, RF (radio frequency) electric fields generated between two graphite electrode plates directly in water were used to mitigate mineral fouling in a doublepipe heat exchanger.…”

Heat-Treated Titanium Balls for the Mitigation of Mineral Fouling in Heat Exchangers

“…Mineral fouling, commonly known as scaling, is often experienced in heat exchangers especially with the use of cooling water systems [1][2][3]. It is the deposition of precipitated mineral salt crystals on a heat transfer surface.…”

“…The reduced flow rate not only reduces the total heat transfer rate, but also accelerates the fouling deposits as the removal rate of the foulants decreases. The different classifications of fouling are available in the literature [1,2]. Simultaneous occurrence of the different fouling mechanisms makes its mitigation and prevention more complicated due to the complex mechanisms that are involved in their formation [2,[4][5][6].…”