Use of Carbonate and Alkali To Eliminate <i>Escherichia coli </i>from Dairy Cattle Manure

Diez-Gonzalez, Francisco; Jarvis, Graeme N.; Adamovich, David A.; Russell, James B.

doi:10.1021/es9910356

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The observed E. coli and enterococci densities were comparable to many previously reported values which suggested 10 5 -10 8 fecal organisms per gram of animal waste (Arthurs et al 2001;Diez-Gonzalez et al 2000;Duriez and Topp 2007;Haack and Andrews 2000;Hodgson et al 2009;Meals and Braun 2006;Reddy et al 1981;Sinton et al 2007). The review of Reddy et al (1981) estimated that the average density of fecal coliform was within the range of 10 5 -10 8 /g.…”

Section: Average Concentrations Of E Coli and Enterococci In Manuresupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The review of Reddy et al (1981) estimated that the average density of fecal coliform was within the range of 10 5 -10 8 /g. Diez- Gonzalez et al (2000) reported that E. coli in fresh dairy cattle manure ranged from 10 5 to 10 8 /g. Arthurs et al (2001) determined that the density of E. coli in manure slurry produced by lactating dairy cattle was 10 5.9±0.7 /g.…”

Section: Average Concentrations Of E Coli and Enterococci In Manurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Manure as a Source of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococci: a Case Study of a Wisconsin, USA Family Dairy Farm

Walczak

2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment is raising serious public health concerns, and manure is being increasingly recognized as a major source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this research, we isolated Escherichia coli and enterococci from manure produced in a Wisconsin, USA family dairy farm to determine their resistance to six representative antibiotics. The average densities for E. coli and enterococci were 6.37(±4.38)×10 7 colony formation units (CFU)g −1 and 1.60(±1.57)× 10 4 CFU g −1 , respectively. The E. coli isolates were found to be resistant to cephalothin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. In addition to these four antibiotics, the Enterococcus isolates were also resistant to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Additionally, we examined the survival and growth of E. coli and enterococci in dairy manure over a period of 3 days. While the densities of enterococci remained stable over the study period, the concentrations of E. coli on average increased by 1.5 log10 units. Further tests of the bacterial antibiotic resistance over time showed no significant changes in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. This result indicated that slightly aged manure could represent a larger source of antibiotic-resistant E. coli than fresh manure and the accumulation of antibiotic-resistant E. coli and enterococci in the agricultural fields must be accounted for in the modeling of the spread of antibioticresistant bacteria in the environment.

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Section: Average Concentrations Of E Coli and Enterococci In Manuresupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Average Concentrations Of E Coli and Enterococci In Manurementioning

confidence: 99%

Manure as a Source of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococci: a Case Study of a Wisconsin, USA Family Dairy Farm

Walczak

2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…When in contact with bacteria, ammonia (NH 3 ) enters the cell and may cause damage by rapid alkalinization of the cytoplasm (Diez-Gonzalez et al 2000), which leads to cell death (Bujozek 2001). In addition, elevating the pH up to 8.5 results in the formation of carbonate that subsequently forms insoluble metal salt complexes with divalent cations (Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ ); this renders the cations unavailable to bacterial enzymatic activities and consequently kills the bacteria.…”

Section: Pathogen Inactivation At Ph 100mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen Inactivation and the Chemical Removal of Phosphorus from Swine Wastewater

Viancelli

Kunz

Fongaro

et al. 2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Inactivation of pathogens present in animal manure prior to land application has justified the use of advanced technologies. However, some alternatives are expensive or not effective due to the organic material and suspended solids present in the effluent (e.g., ozone, UV light). The use of hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2 ) is an attractive wastewater treatment option due to the ability of lime to kill pathogens and to extract phosphorus from manure at an alkaline pH. The present study aimed to evaluate the soluble phosphorus removal and pathogen inactivation (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar typhymurium and Porcine circovirus type 2), in the liquid fraction and in the solid generated after Ca(OH) 2 addition in swine wastewater, exposed for 3 and 24 h at different pH conditions: 9.0, 9.5, and 10.0. The results showed the efficiency of pH elevation with Ca(OH) 2 in the removal of soluble P at pH 9.0 and the total inactivation of E. coli, Salmonella, and P. circovirus type 2 at pH 10.0. The liquid fraction (reuse water) could be safely used for cleaning the swine production facilities, and the solid fraction (precipitated P) could be used as a secondary product and fertilizer.

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“…They might be carbonate ions or volatile fatty acids (VFA) which are also known for pathogen inactivation. Diez-Gonzalez et al (2000) and Park and Diez-Gonzalez (2003) reported the effect of carbonate ions in inactivation of food borne pathogens like E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium in cattle manure. Similarly Kunte et al (2000Kunte et al ( , 2004 reported the effect of VFA inactivation of some enteric bacteria and viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Ascaris suum and Ascaridia galli eggs in liquid manure at different ammonia concentrations and temperatures

Katakam

Mejer

Dalsgaard

et al. 2014

Veterinary Parasitology

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a b s t r a c tEggs of Ascaris suum from pigs are highly resistant and commonly used as a conservative indicator of pathogen inactivation during slurry storage. Eggs of Ascaridia galli, the poultry ascarid, are also known to be highly resistant but the suitability as an indicator of pathogen inactivation has never been tested. Pig slurry has to be stored for several months to inactivate pathogens but chemical treatment of slurry may reduce this time. The suitability of A. galli as an indicator of slurry sanitation was tested by comparing the survival of eggs of A. suum and A. galli in pig slurry. In addition, the effect of urea treatment on inactivation of ascarid eggs in relation to storage time was also tested. Nylon bags with 10,000 eggs of either species were placed in 200 ml plastic bottles containing either urea-treated (2%) or untreated pig slurry for up to 120 days at 20• C, 6 days at 30• C, 36 h at 40• C or 2 h at 50• C. At all the temperatures in both slurry types, A. galli eggs were inactivated at a significantly faster rate (P < 0.05) compared to A. suum eggs. For each 10• C raise in temperature from 20• C, T 50 (time needed to inactivate 50% of eggs) for both types of eggs was reduced markedly. At all temperatures, viability of eggs of both species was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in untreated slurry compared to urea-treated slurry except A. galli eggs at 20• C where no significant difference was detected. In untreated slurry, the levels of pH (6.33-9.08) and ammonia (0.01-1.74 mM) were lower (P < 0.0001) compared to that of urea-treated slurry (pH: 8.33-9.28 and ammonia 1-13 mM). The study demonstrated that A. galli eggs are more sensitive to unfavourable conditions compared to A. suum eggs. The use of A. galli eggs as hygiene indicator may thus be suitable to assess inactivation of pathogens that are more sensitive than A. galli eggs. Addition of urea may markedly reduce the storage time of slurry needed to inactivate A. suum and A. galli eggs.

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Use of Carbonate and Alkali To Eliminate Escherichia coli from Dairy Cattle Manure

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

Manure as a Source of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococci: a Case Study of a Wisconsin, USA Family Dairy Farm

Manure as a Source of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococci: a Case Study of a Wisconsin, USA Family Dairy Farm

Pathogen Inactivation and the Chemical Removal of Phosphorus from Swine Wastewater

Survival of Ascaris suum and Ascaridia galli eggs in liquid manure at different ammonia concentrations and temperatures

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