Use of biographical inventory in the Air Force classification program.

Levine, Abraham S.; Zachert, Virginia

doi:10.1037/h0055145

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Three popular approaches to scoring a set of questionnaire items (e.g., personality inventories, biographical inventories, attitude surveys) for which there is no single correct response have been evident in the psychological literature (cf. Baehr & Williams, 1967; Goldberg, 1972;Levine & Zachert, 1951;Matteson, Osburn & Sparks, 1969;Nunnally, 1967). These three approaches have been labeled the external (or empirical) approaclr, the internal approach, and the intuitive approach (see Goldberg, 1972, for an extensive review of these approaches).…”

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confidence: 99%

Empirical Item Keying Versus a Rational Approach to Analyzing a Psychological Climate Questionnaire

Hornick

James

Jones

1977

Applied Psychological Measurement

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The present study compared two approaches to scoring a Psychological Climate Questionnaire— an empirical keying of items using item analysis and a rational approach which focused on identifying the underlying constructs measured by the questionnaire. The approaches were compared with respect to prediction of performance criteria and the ability to ascertain the theoretical underpinnings of the instrument. Questionnaires were completed by 398 male firemen in a large metropolitan area. Results demonstrated that a summation of item scores to reflect carefully designed a priori constructs did not necessarily result in weaker prediction of performance criteria. Similarities of the present study with previous work are discussed. Three popular approaches to scoring a set of questionnaire items (e.g., personality inventories, biographical inventories, attitude surveys) for which there is no single correct response have been evident in the psychological literature (cf. Sparks, 1969;Nunnally, 1967). These three approaches have been labeled the external (or empirical) approaclr, the internal approach, and the intuitive approach (see Goldberg, 1972, for an extensive review of these approaches).The empirical approach places initial emphasis on the prediction of an external criterion, typically using an empirical keying procedure based on item-criterion relationships. Understanding of underlying relationships or constructs accounting for the prediction has received secondary or no emphasis. This approach has been thought to maximize prediction of an external criterion (Guion, 1965). It has been criticized, however, because a capitalization on unique item variance often results in criterionspecific scoring keys with low internal consistency if the criterion is heterogeneous (Goldberg, 1972;Guion, 1965;Nunnally, 1967). The resulting lack of internal consistency often hinders determination of the theoretical composition or construct validity of the scoring keys (Baehr & Williams, 1967; Matteson et al., 1969;Nunnally, 1967). Thus, little understanding of conceptual relationships between the items and the criterion may be conveyed by this approach.The internal approaclr uses the internal structure of the questionnaire items as the sole source of information to determine where and how items are to be used in the construction of item composites. Typically, this has been accomplished through the use of factor-analytic procedures or a strategy directed toward maximization of internal consistency (e.g., Loevinger, Gleser, & Dubois, 1953).

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confidence: 99%

Empirical Item Keying Versus a Rational Approach to Analyzing a Psychological Climate Questionnaire

Hornick

James

Jones

1977

Applied Psychological Measurement

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“…Scores obtained from these procedures have been cross-validated for occupations ranging from seasonal employees (Dun-nette & Maetzold, 1955), through production supervisors (Lockwood & Parsons, 1960), clerical workers (Guthrie, 1956;Minor, 195S), various sales personnel (Goldsmith, 1922;Mosel & Wade, 1951), to managerial personnel (Scollay, 1956) and research scientists and engineers (Buel, 1965;Smith, Albright, & Glennon, 1961). A considerable body of work has also been done in this area for personnel in the armed services (Elliot, 1960;Levine & Zachert, 1951;Seaquist, Barry, & Sells, 1956).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…While it has been demonstrated that this usage of background data has often increased the predictive effectiveness of test batteries, it has been justifiably criticized on the basis of its empiricism and failure to relate obtained results to meaningful dimensions of behavior. This problem has been met by Levine and Zachert (1951) who subjectively classified items in terms of content. The validity of each item in the content category was then determined and if an acceptably large number of items showed significant relationships with the criterion, the content category was retained and the items differentially weighted.…”

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confidence: 99%

Underlying dimensions of personal background data and their relationship to occupational classification.

Baehr¹,

Williams²

1967

Journal of Applied Psychology

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“…Considering these limitations, the use of biographical data derived from multiple-choice measures would appear to remain a viable and cost-effective means of initial pilot cazdidate selection. Such measures may also make efficient use of the available pool of talent (22). Once a pool of questions has been developed and standardized, the actual scoring and statistical analysis can be completed through several procedures.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Efficacy of Biographical Inventory Data in Predicting Early Attrition in Naval Aviation Officer Candidate Training.

Street¹,

Dolgin²

1992

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Public reportng burden for this collection of intormation is estimated to average i hour per response. including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing ?Data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send commen ts regardina this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headcquarters Services, Directorate for infor,'ation Operations and Reports, Q215 Jefferson

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Use of biographical inventory in the Air Force classification program.

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Empirical Item Keying Versus a Rational Approach to Analyzing a Psychological Climate Questionnaire

Empirical Item Keying Versus a Rational Approach to Analyzing a Psychological Climate Questionnaire

Underlying dimensions of personal background data and their relationship to occupational classification.

The Efficacy of Biographical Inventory Data in Predicting Early Attrition in Naval Aviation Officer Candidate Training.

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