Use of biocides for controlling viral diseases that attack common bean and cucumber plants

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the antiviral activities of biocides made of formulated essential oils. These were derived from five plant species: fennel, oregano, peppermint, thyme and ginger. The potencies of these preparations were tested against local infection with the Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and against systemic infection with the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). After the determination of the most effective concentration, the formulated biocides were tested in protective and curative manners (before and after virus inoculation) against the growth of plants. The obtained results showed that the peppermint-derived biocide had the greatest effect on reducing the infectivity of the TNV virus (100% growth inhibition at 4000 ppm), whereas the biocide from thyme was the most effective against the infectivity of the CMV virus, as it induced a complete growth inhibition at 3000 ppm. The results of the protective and curative experiments revealed that the formulated biocides exerted high protection and curative effects against the two viruses. The observations revealed that the biocides were able to enhance plant defences against viral infection, as indicated by the increased levels of total chlorophyll, protein and phenols. Moreover, the levels of the oxidative stress markers including peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were improved compared to the control settings. In conclusion, the formulated biocides progressively present a favourable alternative to chemically synthesized pesticides in crop protection.

In vivo Antiphytoviral Activity of Essential Oils and Hydrosols From Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, and Rosmarinus officinalis to Control Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Cucurbita pepo L.

“…The results of such time-course observations suggested that the treatments’ effect on symptoms was probably longer lasting than previous studies reported. In literature, the observation was limited to one single time point, to the few hours immediately after treatment, or within a maximum period of 7 days ( Helal, 2019 ; Vuko et al, 2021b ).…”

Antiviral Activity of Selected Essential Oils against Cucumber Mosaic Virus

“…Recently, essential oils extracted from different plants and their constituents have been studied for their antiviral properties against CMV in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. The conducted studies have confirmed the activity of the extracted essential oils against CMV [4,12,16,19,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

“…The best inhibitory effect was obtained through protective (prior to virus inoculation) rather than curative (post-inoculation) treatment. According to Helal [ 19 ], the maximum protection and inhibition percentage (91.5%) was observed 24 h before the application of the thyme essential oil (3000 ppm) on cucumber plants. These results correspond with those of Vuko et al [ 29 ] who treated the Ch.…”

“…Although limited, current knowledge about the antiviral effects of EOs indicates their potential to control the spread of viral infections [ 6 , 8 ]. A number of recent reports have provided data on the activity of EOs against plant viruses [ 4 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. However, this field of study is still insufficiently explored and further research is required to enable a more complete understanding of the mechanisms behind the antiviral activities of EOs [ 1 ].…”

Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Evaluation of Novel Isoxazole-Amide Derivatives Containing an Acylhydrazone Moiety as New Active Antiviral Agents

“…Chlorophyll is the photosynthetic pigment of green plants whose content is closely related to photosynthesis, the extent of bacterial infection in plants leading to proliferation and destruction of the plant chloroplasts, and factors retarding the synthesis of chlorophyll causing leaf chlorosis [26,27]. Meanwhile, the increased levels of total chlorophyll were able to improve photosynthesis to enhance plant defense against viral infection [28,29,30]. Therefore, the chlorophyll contents, shown in Figure 4, demonstrate that compound 7t may increase chlorophyll content to improve photosynthesis, and thereby enhance plant host resistance to viral diseases.…”