“…Pain education refers to educational interventions that aim to change a person's understanding and thoughts about their pain ( Moseley and Butler, 2015 ). Behavioural activation is a psychological treatment which stimulates people to plan meaningful activities to enhance their mood ( Walsh et al, 2022 ). Although there are indications that these interventions (i.e., pain education and behavioural activation) can be effective on multiple outcomes, such as pain, disability, anxiety and depression ( Guerrero et al, 2018 ; Hall et al, 2018 ; Wood and Hendrick, 2019 ; Williams et al, 2020 ; Bülow et al, 2021 ), physiotherapists often do not have the necessary skills and confidence to address and treat the psychosocial risk factors seen in people with spinal pain ( Synnott et al, 2015 ; Wijma et al, 2016 ; Holopainen et al, 2020 ).…”