Use of Antibiotics and Roxarsone in Broiler Chickens in the USA: Analysis for The Years 1995 to 2000

Chapman, Harold D.; Johnson, Z. B.

doi:10.1093/ps/81.3.356

Cited by 166 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of tylosin would be mediated by compositional changes of the pig gut bacterial communities (2,11,17,18). This hypothesis is partly based on the understanding that AGPs lack growth promoting effects in germ-free animals (8,19) and because many antimicrobials with different modes of action promote animal growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial shifts in the swine distal gut in response to the treatment with antimicrobial growth promoter, tylosin

Kim

Borewicz

White

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

217

168

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Antimicrobials have been used extensively as growth promoters (AGPs) in agricultural animal production. However, the specific mechanism of action for AGPs has not yet been determined. The work presented here was to determine and characterize the microbiome of pigs receiving one AGP, tylosin, compared with untreated pigs. We hypothesized that AGPs exerted their growth promoting effect by altering gut microbial population composition. We determined the fecal microbiome of pigs receiving tylosin compared with untreated pigs using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries. The data showed microbial population shifts representing both microbial succession and changes in response to the use of tylosin. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of sequences showed that tylosin caused microbial population shifts in both abundant and less abundant species. Our results established a baseline upon which mechanisms of AGPs in regulation of health and growth of animals can be investigated. Furthermore, the data will aid in the identification of alternative strategies to improve animal health and consequently production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial shifts in the swine distal gut in response to the treatment with antimicrobial growth promoter, tylosin

Kim

Borewicz

White

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

217

168

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“…Such findings suggest that serotype 4b strains may have a fitness advantage in habitats with arsenic contamination. It is noteworthy that, in addition to natural and industrial sites with heavy-metal contamination, the arsenic burden is also likely to be elevated in conventional, intensive poultry production systems due to the frequent administration of organoarsenates (e.g., roxarsone) as coccidiostatic agents (4). This may represent a previously unrecognized selective pressure for serotype 4b strains in such environments and is worthy of further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy-Metal and Benzalkonium Chloride Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from the Environment of Turkey-Processing Plants

Mullapudi

Siletzky

Kathariou

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

115

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The resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to cadmium and arsenic has been used extensively for strain subtyping. However, limited information is available on the prevalence of such resistance among isolates from the environment of food-processing plants. In addition, it is not known whether the resistance of such isolates to heavy metals may correlate with resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds extensively used as disinfectants in the food-processing industry. In this study, we characterized 192 L. monocytogenes isolates (123 putative strains) from the environment of turkey-processing plants in the United States for resistance to cadmium and arsenic and to the quaternary ammonium disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BC). Resistance to cadmium was significantly more prevalent among strains of serotypes 1/2a (or 3a) and 1/2b (or 3b) (83% and 74%, respectively) than among strains of the serotype 4b complex (19%). Resistance to BC was encountered among 60% and 51% of the serotype 1/2a (or 3a) and 1/2b (or 3b) strains, respectively, and among 7% of the strains of the serotype 4b complex. All BC-resistant strains were also resistant to cadmium, although the reverse was not always the case. In contrast, no correlation was found between BC resistance and resistance to arsenic, which overall was low (6%). Our findings suggest that the processing environment of turkeyprocessing plants may constitute a reservoir for L. monocytogenes harboring resistance to cadmium and to BC and raise the possibility of common genetic elements or mechanisms mediating resistance to quaternary ammonium disinfectants and to cadmium in L. monocytogenes.Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a relatively rare but serious food-borne disease with symptoms such as stillbirths or abortions, septicemia, and meningitis or encephalitis. It has a high mortality rate (ca. 20%) for at-risk populations, which include pregnant women and their fetuses, neonates, and those who are elderly and/or immunocompromised (25). Strains of three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) are associated with most human listeriosis cases. A substantial fraction of sporadic cases and the majority of food-borne outbreaks are due to serotype 4b strains (12,25). However, strains of serotype 4b tend to be underrepresented in foods, and the majority of food isolates are of serotype 1/2a or 1/2b (11,14,27). The environment of food-processing plants is considered to play a key role in contamination of processed ready-to-eat foods, and substantial evidence points to the ability of certain strains to colonize the processing-plant environment and to persist there, frequently over extended periods of time (for reviews, see references 12 and 13).Benzalkonium chloride (BC) and other quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are extensively used as disinfectants in the food-processing industry (19,22). Frequent use of BC and other QACs in food-processing plants may constitute a selective pressure for the emergence and establishment of resistance to these compounds among L. monocytogenes isolates...

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“…Approximately 70 % of broiler chickens produced in the USA are fed roxarsone (Chapman and Johnson 2002), which is excreted largely unaltered into the manure. Very little information is available on the molecular mechanisms of action of roxarsone to improve chicken growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of an aerobic bacterial consortium able to degrade roxarsone

Guzmán‐Fierro

Moraga

León

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Roxarsone is an organoarsenical compound used as food additive in the poultry industry. Roxarsone has the potential risk to contaminate the environment, mainly by the use of poultry industry manure as fertilizer, releasing inorganic arsenic to the soil and water. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize a bacterial consortium capable to degrade roxarsone under aerobic conditions. A bacterial consortium was cultured from a soil sample obtained from a field fertilized with poultry litter containing roxarsone. The consortium was cultured in the presence or absence of roxarsone. Roxarsone degradation and growth kinetics were determined by incubation of the bacterial consortium in the presence of roxarsone at room temperature and under aerobiosis. Both consortiums were characterized molecularly by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis and metabolically using Biolog Ecoplates. Inorganic arsenic was assessed by precipitation with silver nitrate. The consortium was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that growth rate of the bacterial consortium was 1.4-fold higher in presence of roxarsone and 81.04 % of the roxarsone was transformed after 7 days of incubation. Molecular characterization revealed the presence of different bacterial groups, being alphaproteobacteria and firmicutes the groups that showed the highest count in both consortiums. The metabolic profile of the consortium did not change in the presence of roxarsone, but it showed a greater ability to oxidize amines, suggesting production of functional amines to decrease the stability of the aromatic ring resonance energy, the principal problem associated with aromatic compounds degradation.

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Use of Antibiotics and Roxarsone in Broiler Chickens in the USA: Analysis for The Years 1995 to 2000

Cited by 166 publications

References 8 publications

Microbial shifts in the swine distal gut in response to the treatment with antimicrobial growth promoter, tylosin

Microbial shifts in the swine distal gut in response to the treatment with antimicrobial growth promoter, tylosin

Heavy-Metal and Benzalkonium Chloride Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from the Environment of Turkey-Processing Plants

Isolation and characterization of an aerobic bacterial consortium able to degrade roxarsone

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