Use of Anionic Polysaccharides in the Development of 3D Bioprinting Technology

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology is now one of the best ways to generate new biomaterial for potential biomedical applications. Significant progress in this field since two decades ago has pointed the way toward use of natural biopolymers such as polysaccharides. Generally, these biopolymers such as alginate possess specific reactive groups such as carboxylate able to be chemically or enzymatically functionalized to generate very interesting hydrogel structures with biomedical applications in cell generation. This present review gives an overview of the main natural anionic polysaccharides and focuses on the description of the 3D bioprinting concept with the recent development of bioprinting processes using alginate as polysaccharide.

Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Content in Hydrogels Obtained through Blue Light-Induced Gelation Affects Hydrogel Properties and Adipose Stem Cell Behaviors

“…Biopolymers are polymers obtained from natural resources such as microorganisms and plants, and they are used in a wide range of applications. Biocompatible biopolymers are excellent candidates to be used in pharmaceutical and medical applications including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine [1,2,3,4]. Gelatin and hyaluronic acid (HA) are biopolymers that have been historically prized for their usefulness in clinical fields [5,6,7].…”

Multicomponent polysaccharide alginate-based bioinks

“…extrusion, inkjet, and microfluidic bioprinting). [24][25][26][27] Extrusion is probably the most widely employed bioprinting methodology, employing the controlled extrusion of long hydrogel filaments from a dispensing cartridge. 25 This technique can be applied with a variety of bioinks ranging from low to high viscosities.…”

“…However, because alginate is easy to gel at room temperature, allowing the encapsulation of living cells before the printing process, it can be readily applied to other bioprinting methods. The reader is, therefore also referred to a number of additional reviews and research articles for a more detailed discussion, 24,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and we will go on to briefly review inkjet and microfluidic bioprinting technologies, for which the properties of this polymer are particularly advantageous, later in this article.…”

Engineered 3D Polymer and Hydrogel Microenvironments for Cell Culture Applications

“…Polysaccharides are naturally occurring sugar chains which are bioactive and can be used as base material for additive manufacturing [203]. In particular, sulfated polysaccharides such as cellulose, chitosan, alginate, carrageenan, heparin sulfate, agarose, etc., typically have inherent bioactivity, allowing them to bind with many cell receptors and growth factors [204].…”