Use of anabolic androgenic steroids produces greater oxidative stress responses to resistance exercise in strength-trained men

Arazi, Hamid; Mohammadjafari, Heidar; Asadi, Abbas

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.05.005

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…All the experimental groups increased the GPx and GLU levels at post-HRE, with greater elevations for the GH-user group than other groups without any changes in CAT for the groups at post-HRE. In line with our findings, previous studies reported that a session of physical exercise could increase the levels of GPx and GLU at post-exercise [14,17]; however, other studies reported conflicting results [18,19] and the possible explanation for this discrepancy could be due to differences in exercise type and intensity, subject characteristics, the ability of subjects to perform each exercise, and environmental conditions that affect the occurrence of antioxidant levels in the body. In fact, when HRE induced ROS and free radical production in the body, the defense system is induced by enhancing GPx as the primary defense against ROS generated during exercise and GLU levels help to control cell oxidant/antioxidant status [7,14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In fact, when HRE induced ROS and free radical production in the body, the defense system is induced by enhancing GPx as the primary defense against ROS generated during exercise and GLU levels help to control cell oxidant/antioxidant status [7,14]. On the other hand, greater oxidative damage and enhancement of catecholamines are in accordance with higher antioxidant activity produced as an auto-defense mechanism following RE [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of Resistance Exercise and the Use of GH or IGF-1 Hormones on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Markers in Bodybuilders

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to examine the influence of peptide hormone use on oxidative stress and antioxidant responses to a single session of resistance exercise in male bodybuilders. Forty-five male bodybuilders were divided into three groups: bodybuilders using growth hormone for at least 1 year (i.e., 3 to 4 times in the year) (GH-user, n = 15), bodybuilders using insulin-like growth factor-1 for at least 1 year (i.e., 3 to 4 times in the year) (IGF-1-user, n = 15), and peptide hormone-free bodybuilders (Non-user, n = 15). The heavy resistance exercise protocol consisted of five sets with 80% of one repetition maximum for six exercises. Blood samples were obtained pre and post heavy resistance exercise (HRE) in order to evaluate changes in oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO)) and antioxidant biomarkers (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutamate (GLU)) level. All the experimental groups showed increases in MDA (p = 0.038), NO (p = 0.028), GPx (p = 0.012), and GLU (p = 0.003) concentrations after resistance exercise. For 8-OHdG, the Non-user and IGF-1-user groups indicated increases at post-exercise (p = 0.001), without any significant changes in the GH-user group (p = 0.87). In addition, the changes in serum GPx and GLU levels were greater for the GH-user group than the Non-user and IGF-1-user groups (p = 0.001). In conclusion, HRE induced significant increases in 8-OHdG (except to GH-user group), MDA, NO, GPx, and GLU levels with greater changes in GPx and GLU for the GH-user group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Resistance Exercise and the Use of GH or IGF-1 Hormones on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Markers in Bodybuilders

et al. 2019

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“…In biochemical tests, it is known that troponin isoenzymes (cTnI) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) are specific indicators of cell lysis and are elevated in users of anabolic steroids. 24,25 The heart rate also decreases after exercise, according to dos Santos, 26 who also reports that this may be an effect of changes in the parasympathetic nervous system, suggesting that these effects may also occur at rest in the case of sedentary mice, due to the changes already mentioned. The decrease in heart rate is a predisposing factor to cardiovascular pathologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of Supraphysiological Doses of Steroids on the Left Ventricle of Sedentary Mice: Morphometric Analysis

et al. 2019

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Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic compounds derived from testosterone, which are widely used in supraphysiological doses by people seeking an aesthetic effect. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the possible morphometric changes in the cardiac left ventricle caused by the administration of supraphysiological doses of the anabolic steroids testosterone cypionate and stanozolol in the hearts of young sedentary mice, to serve as a comparative parameter with young mice that were submitted to exercise. We have used 60 hearts of sedentary young Swiss mice, aged ∼ 90 days old (young-adult), with a body weight between 40 and 50 g. The animals were divided into three groups: the control group, the testosterone cypionate group, and the stanozolol group. For the analysis, 10 distinct sections of the apex, of the middle region, and of the base of the heart were selected, followed by an optical microscope measurement with a 2.5x magnification. The results obtained show an increase in both myocardial thickness and left ventricular cavity diameter in the two groups of male animals in relation to the control group; however, in females, an increase in the thickness of the left ventricular myocardium was observed only for the stanozolol group. These results suggest that the cardiac alterations observed in the present study may be directly related to some signs and symptoms already described in the literature, such as hypertension, arrhythmias, infarction, sudden death, and other cardiovascular diseases.

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“…The oxidation of NADPH to NADP + is accompanied by a decrease in absorbance at 340 nm. The rate of decrease in A 340 is directly proportional to the GPx activity (Arazi et al, 2017;Celi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Analysis Of Oxidative Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of intense exercise on the antioxidant system in birds: does exercise training help?

Cooper-Mullin

Carter

McWilliams

2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The acute effects of an energy-intensive activity such as exercise may alter an animal's redox homeostasis, although these short-term effects may be ameliorated by chronic exposure to that activity, or training, over time. Although well documented in mammals, how energy-intensive training affects the antioxidant system and damage by reactive species has not been investigated fully in flight-trained birds. We examined changes to redox homeostasis in zebra finches exposed to energy-intensive activity (60 min of perch-to-perch flights twice a day), and how exercise training over many weeks affected this response. We measured multiple components of the antioxidant system: an enzymatic antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase, GPx) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (measured by the OXY-adsorbent test) as well as a measure of oxidative damage (d-ROMs). At no point during the experiment did oxidative damage change. We discovered that exposure to energy-intensive exercise training did not alter baseline levels of GPx, but induced exercise-trained birds to maintain a higher non-enzymatic antioxidant status as compared with untrained birds. GPx activity was elevated above baseline in trained birds immediately after completion of the second 1 h flight on each of the three sampling days, and non-enzymatic antioxidants were acutely depleted during flight after 13 and 44 days of training. The primary effect of exercise training on the acute response of the antioxidant system to 2 h flights was increased coordination between the enzymatic (GPx) and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system of birds that reduced oxidative damage associated with exercise.

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Use of anabolic androgenic steroids produces greater oxidative stress responses to resistance exercise in strength-trained men

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

Acute Effects of Resistance Exercise and the Use of GH or IGF-1 Hormones on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Markers in Bodybuilders

Acute Effects of Resistance Exercise and the Use of GH or IGF-1 Hormones on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Markers in Bodybuilders

Effects of Supraphysiological Doses of Steroids on the Left Ventricle of Sedentary Mice: Morphometric Analysis

Acute effects of intense exercise on the antioxidant system in birds: does exercise training help?

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