Use of an optical probe for time-resolved in situ measurement of local air-to-fuel ratio and extent of fuel mixing with applications to low NOx emissions in premixed gas turbines

Mongia, Rajiv; Tomita, Eiji; Hsu, Frank K.; Talbot, L.; Dibble, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80112-3

Cited by 54 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The use of acetone as a tracer is well established in gaseous nonreacting and reacting flows (Lozano et al 1992, Tait et al 1993, Kramer et al 1995, Shih et al 1996 and, in comparison to other approaches (e.g. Mongia et al 1996), allows a non-intrusive two-dimensional investigation of the mixture fluctuations. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, the application of acetone tracer LW has not been reported to full scale investigations of gas turbine combustors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Mixing Quality of a Real Size Gas Turbine Burner With Instantaneous Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging

Krämer

Dinkelacker

Leipertz

et al. 1999

Volume 2: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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For lean premixed combustion the NOx emission can be reduced by optimizing the degree of fuel-air mixedness. Since both temporal and spatial mixture variations are of importance, the time resolved planar laser technique of acetone tracer-LIF (laser-induced fluorescence) is used to characterize the mixing quality in an one-to-one scale segment of a Siemens ring shaped gas turbine combustor. Variations of the combustor geometry and of additional mixing devices have been tested, showing the potential to increase the mixing quality. Subsequent tests in a fired atmospheric test rig confirm the influence of the mixing quality, leading to up to 30% further reduction of the NOx emissions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Mixing Quality of a Real Size Gas Turbine Burner With Instantaneous Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging

Krämer

Dinkelacker

Leipertz

et al. 1999

Volume 2: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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“…99-GT-8, 1999. 2 Fric (1992), Mongia et al (1996), and have studied the effect of unmixedness on NO x emissions. 3 Mongia, R.K., Tomita, Eiji, Hsu, F.K., Talbot, L., Dibble, R.W., Twenty-Sixth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, p. 2749, 1996.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humid Air Turbine Cycle Technology Development Program

Tuthill¹

2002

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The Humid Air Turbine (HAT) Cycle Technology Development Program focused on obtaining HAT cycle combustor technology that will be the foundation of future products. The work carried out under the auspices of the HAT Program built on the extensive low emissions stationary gas turbine work performed in the past by Pratt & Whitney (P&W). This Program is an integral part of technology base development within the Advanced Turbine Systems Program at the Department of Energy (DOE) and its experiments stretched over 5 years. The goal of the project was to fill in technological data gaps in the development of the HAT cycle and identify a combustor configuration that would efficiently burn high moisture, high-pressure gaseous fuels with low emissions. The major emphasis will be on the development of kinetic data, computer modeling, and evaluations of combustor configurations.The Program commenced during the 4th Quarter of 1996 and closed in the 4th Quarter of 2001. It teamed the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) with P&W, the United Technologies Research Center (UTRC), and a subcontractor on-site at UTRC, kraftWork Systems Inc. The execution of the program started with bench-top experiments that were conducted at UTRC for extending kinetic mechanisms to HAT cycle temperature, pressure, and moisture conditions. The fundamental data generated in the bench-top experiments was incorporated into the analytical tools available at P&W to design the fuel injectors and combustors. The NETL then used the hardware to conduct combustion rig experiments to evaluate the performance of the combustion systems at elevated pressure and temperature conditions representative of the HAT cycle. The results were integrated into systems analysis done by kraftWork to verify that sufficient understanding of the technology had been achieved and that large-scale technological application and demonstration could be undertaken as follow-on activity. An optional program extended the experimental combustion evaluations to several specific technologies that can be used with HAT technology.After 5 years of extensive research and development, P&W is pleased to report that the HAT Technology Development Program goals have been achieved. With 0 to 10 percent steam addition, emissions achieved during this program featured less than 8 ppm NO x , less than 16 ppm CO, and unburned hydrocarbons corrected to 15 percent O 2 for an FT8 engine operating between 0°and 120°F with 65 to 100 percent power at any day.

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“…A brief review of the chemistry of chemiluminescence by CO2 ,and CH is discussed below. Co + 0 -÷ CO2 + hv , (2) and, the chemiluminescent intensity, 'C02, can be expressed in the form9"8: …”

Section: Flame Chemiluminescencementioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Sensors for measuring primary zone equivalence ratio in gas turbine combustors</title>

et al. 1999

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In lean-premixed combustion, the narrow range of operating conditions where stable, low-emissions combustion, is achieved make it necessary for a fuel-air equivalence ratio sensor to be incorporated into the combustor. Such a sensor should be capable ofdeterminining nozzle-to-nozzle variations in the equivalence ratio, and have a reasonably fast response time so that the control mechanism can meter the flowrates accordingly. This paper describes the development ofa flame chemilummescence based equivalence ratio sensor, which can be installed in the individual nozzles ofa gas turbine combustor. The first stage ofthe development involves studying the chemiluminescence characteristics of CH* and CO2 in a dump combustor. It was observed that fuel-air mixedness does not affect the overall flame chemiluminescence, and inlet temperature variations over 50 K have not produced discernible differences in the chemiluminescence intensities. Combustor velocities do affect the flame chemiluminescence intensities, and this parameter has to be taken into account while developing the sensor. An optical fibre based sensor, which can be easily installed in a combustor, has been designed. Based on this study, a methodology for determining the equivalence ratio from the chemiluminescent intensities and flowrates is proposed for use with the sensor under development.

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Use of an optical probe for time-resolved in situ measurement of local air-to-fuel ratio and extent of fuel mixing with applications to low NOx emissions in premixed gas turbines

Cited by 54 publications

References 15 publications

Optimization of the Mixing Quality of a Real Size Gas Turbine Burner With Instantaneous Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging

Optimization of the Mixing Quality of a Real Size Gas Turbine Burner With Instantaneous Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging

Humid Air Turbine Cycle Technology Development Program

<title>Sensors for measuring primary zone equivalence ratio in gas turbine combustors</title>

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