“…These scaffolds are mostly mammalian-derived, including decellularized human, porcine, bovine, and equine tendon sheets, dermis, pericardium, small intestinal submucosa, etc. [ [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] ]. However, these mammal-derived decellularized ECMs have limitations such as limited donor sources, the potential risk of zoonotic diseases, and ethical and religious issues [ 20 ].…”