Use of a low-volume uterine flush for diagnosing endometritis in chronically infertile mares

LeBlanc, Michelle M.; Magsig, Joshua; Stromberg, Arnold J.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.04.038

Cited by 114 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Endometritis is a major cause of reduced fertility in brood mares, and occurs in up to 60% of barren mares (Troedsson, 1999;LeBlanc et al, 2007;Overbeck et al, 2011). Diagnosis of this disease is based on the mare 's et al, 2007;McCue, 2008;LeBlanc and Causey, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, nowadays samples for cytological evaluation of the endometrium can be collected in a variety of ways depending on physician preference, including the following methods: cotton swab (CS), uterine cytological brush (CB), low-volume uterine flush (LVF), and by preparing smears directly from the endometrial biopsy (EB) (Ball et al, 1998;Bourke et al, 1997;LeBlanc et al, 2007;Nielsen 2005;Defontis et al, 2011;Overbeck et al, 2011;Walter et al, 2012). Each of these techniques allows collection of material safely from the uterus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of cycle stage and sampling procedure on interpretation of endometrial cytology in mares

Kozdrowski

Sikora

Buczkowska

et al. 2015

Animal Reproduction Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cycle stage and sampling procedure on interpretation of endometrial cytology in mares

Kozdrowski

Sikora

Buczkowska

et al. 2015

Animal Reproduction Science

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“…With bacteriological examination alone, there is a risk of incorrect interpretation of the findings 48 because of false-negative and false-positive culture results (Waelchli et al, 1988;Moller Nielsen, 2005; 49 LeBlanc and Causey, 2009). Furthermore, a positive culture may not be associated with endometrial 50 inflammation and reduced fertility (Moller Nielsen, 2005;LeBlanc et al, 2007). Cytological examination of 51 a uterine sample is an extremely useful diagnostic tool, and several authors have placed its sensitivity above 52 that of bacteriological examination (Wingfield Digby, 1978;Mattos et al, 1984;Riddle et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological diagnosis of endometritis in the mare: Investigations of sampling techniques and relation to bacteriological results

Walter¹,

Neuberg²,

Failing³

et al. 2012

Animal Reproduction Science

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Aim of this study was to compare uterine smears made using the Knudsen catheter, the cytology brush and a uterine culture swab with regard to diagnostic usefulness and the occurrence of neutrophils. Additionally correlation between culture results and the occurrence of neutrophils in uterine smears was investigated. Samples were collected from 340 mares, 81.5% of which were in estrus. Smears made using the cytology brush yielded more endometrial cells per high-power field than those made using the other two instruments (p<0.0001), and a larger proportion had PMNs compared with smears made using the uterine swab (p<0.0001). For smears made with the cytology brush, cultures of -hemolytic streptococci were more often (p=0.002) accompanied by PMNs than cultures of bacteria other than -hemolytic streptococci, and there was a positive correlation (r(s)=0.2 p=0.01) between the number of PMNs in smears and the number of colonies of -hemolytic streptococci. The cytology brush was superior to the other methods because it generated a larger proportion of diagnostic useful smears and the occurrence of PMNs in smears was significantly correlated with the occurrence of cultures of -hemolytic streptococci. Aim of this study was to compare uterine smears made using the Knudsen catheter, the cytology brush and a 20 uterine culture swab with regard to diagnostic usefulness and the occurrence of neutrophils. Additionally 21 correlation between culture results and the occurrence of neutrophils in uterine smears was investigated. 22Samples were collected from 340 mares, 81.5% of which were in estrus. Smears made using the cytology 23 brush yielded more endometrial cells per high-power field than those made using the other two instruments 24 (p < 0.0001), and a larger proportion had PMNs compared with smears made using the uterine swab (p < 25 0.0001). For smears made with the cytology brush, cultures of β-hemolytic streptococci were more often (p = 26 0.002) accompanied by PMNs than cultures of bacteria other than β-hemolytic streptococci, and there was a 27 positive correlation (r s = 0.2 p = 0.01) between the number of PMNs in smears and the number of colonies of 28 β-hemolytic streptococci. The cytology brush was superior to the other methods because it generated a larger 29 proportion of diagnostic useful smears and the occurrence of PMNs in smears was significantly correlated 30 with the occurrence of cultures of β-hemolytic streptococci. Introduction 38Bacterial endometritis is considered the most important reproductive disease in the mare and is associated 39 with considerable economic loss (Troedsson, 1997; Causey, 2006). However, in non-venereal bacterial 40 endometritis, risk factors such as compromised uterine defense mechanisms or poor perineal conformation, 41 rather than the bacterial organisms, constitute the primary problem (Causey, 2006). Persistent uterine 42 infections caused by β-hemolytic streptococci and E. coli from the vagina are a common sequel to 43 compromised uterine defense mechanisms (Causey,...

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“…Entretanto, a falta de familiaridade com a técnica e a dificuldade apresentada por muitos profissionais durante a avaliação dos esfregaços pode gerar avaliações pouco confiáveis e erros no diagnóstico (16,17) . Estudos anteriores demonstraram que a utilização de um único método muitas vezes é insuficiente para o diagnóstico preciso de infecções fúngicas (5,18) . Dessa forma, a combinação do exame citológico e cultura microbiológica representa uma ferramenta de grande utilidade para a identificação dos quadros de endometrite fúngica, conferindo maior sensibilidade diagnóstica (13,15) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Dessa forma, a combinação do exame citológico e cultura microbiológica representa uma ferramenta de grande utilidade para a identificação dos quadros de endometrite fúngica, conferindo maior sensibilidade diagnóstica (13,15) . No entanto, como muitos centros equestres encontram-se distantes das grandes cidades, a logística para envio de amostras biológicas para cultura e isolamento laboratorial pode representar um importante fator limitante (13,18) . Recentemente, foi lançado no Brasil um kit comercial para diagnóstico de fungos de interesse em Medicina Humana denominando Dermatobac® (Probac, São Paulo, Brasil).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Sensibilidade Do Laminocultivo Dermatobac® Para O Diagnóstico Da Endometrite Fúngica Em Éguas

et al. 2015

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ResumoDentre os diferentes fatores etiológicos, a endometrite fúngica representa uma causa frequente de infertilidade na égua. Nesse sentido, dois experimentos foram realizados para avaliar a sensibilidade do Dermatobac®, sistema originalmente desenvolvido para o isolamento de fungos de interesse em Medicina Humana. No Experimento 1, cepas padrão de Candida (n=4) e Aspergyllus (n=1) foram semeadas assepticamente e em duplicata no sistema Dermatobac®, acompanhando-se o crescimento fúngico a cada 24 horas por 7 dias. Para o Experimento 2, foram selecionadas 34 éguas, submetidas à colheita de material uterino para o plaqueamento em Dermatobac® e realização de esfregaços para pesquisa direta de fungos (Controle). No Experimento 1, foi possível a observação macroscópica de todas as cepas de Candida e Aspergyllus a partir de 24 horas do início do cultivo microbiológico. No Experimento 2, foi constatada a presença de leveduras nas lâminas citológicas de cinco animais (14,71%), resultados também confirmados na semeadura em Dermatobac® (sensibilidade de 100%). Foram observados cinco casos falso-positivos caracterizados pelo crescimento microbiológico em sistema Dermatobac® não confirmados através da citologia endometrial, resultados que determinaram a especificidade de 85%. No entanto, todos os casos falso-positivos foram atribuídos a microrganismos contaminantes que apresentaram morfologia diferenciada e tempo de crescimento superior (P<0,05) ao apresentado pelos principais agentes etiológicos das endometrites fúngicas equinas. Conclui-se que o sistema Dermatobac® é eficiente para o diagnóstico macroscópico da endometrite fúngica em equinos, gerando informações visuais a partir de 24 horas de cultivo. Palavras-Chave: Dermatobac®; diagnóstico; éguas; endometrite; fungos. AbstractAmong different etiologic factors, fungal endometritis is a common cause of decreased mare's fertility. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of Dermatobac®, a microculture system

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Use of a low-volume uterine flush for diagnosing endometritis in chronically infertile mares

Cited by 114 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of cycle stage and sampling procedure on interpretation of endometrial cytology in mares

Effects of cycle stage and sampling procedure on interpretation of endometrial cytology in mares

Cytological diagnosis of endometritis in the mare: Investigations of sampling techniques and relation to bacteriological results

Sensibilidade Do Laminocultivo Dermatobac® Para O Diagnóstico Da Endometrite Fúngica Em Éguas

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