Use of 3-nitrooxypropanol as feed additive for mitigating enteric methane emissions from ruminants: a meta-analysis

Abstract

This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis on the effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on enteric methane (CH 4 ) emissions from ruminants. A total of 12 in vivo studies from 10 articles were integrated into a database. Ruminant species included were dairy cows, beef cattle and sheep. Concentration of 3-NOP in diets varied from 0 to 280 mg/kg dry matter intake (DMI). Parameters included were CH 4 emissions, rumen fermentation, microbial population, nutrient digestibility and animal performance. Meta-analysis of data was performed by using mixed model methodology in which different studies were treated as random effects whereas 3-NOP addition levels in diets of ruminants were treated as fixed effects. Results showed that increasing level of 3-NOP addition in diets of ruminants decreased enteric CH 4 emissions per unit of body weight, CH 4 /DMI, CH 4 /milk produced, CH 4 /digested organic matter or CH 4 /gross energy intake (p < .05). Production of H 2 was higher with increasing level of 3-NOP addition (p < .001). Addition of 3-NOP decreased total VFA concentration (p < .01), and decreased and increased proportions of C 2 and C 3 , respectively (p < .001). Addition of 3-NOP decreased archaea population (p < .01) but it did not change total bacteria and protozoa populations. The substance had minor effect on digestibility of nutrients. Production performance of dairy cows and beef cattle was limitedly influenced by the addition of 3-NOP in the diets, and it had no negative effect on DMI of ruminants. It is concluded that 3-NOP is an effective feed additive to mitigate enteric CH 4 emissions without compromising productive performance of ruminants.

The effects of dietary supplementation with 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane emissions, rumen fermentation, and production performance in ruminants: a meta-analysis

“…In the present study, a meta-analysis, based on the database including all experiments, revealed that NOP supplementation linearly decreased total VFA concentration and proportion of acetate, on the other hand linearly increased proportion of other individual VFAs, which was similar with a previous meta-analysis study [26]. On the other hand, NOP supplementation had different an effect intensity on total VFA and individual VFA proportion depending on animal type, although CH 4 emissions (g/kg DMI) were decreased with increasing levels of NOP regardless of animal type.…”

“…The present study conducted a meta-analysis using total 14 in vivo studies published from 2014 to 2019, and the meta-analysis showed that supplementation of NOP was effective to a significant linear decrease in CH 4 yield (g/kg DMI), regardless of animal type compared with those fed a diet without NOP. It is similar with a result from Jayanegara et al [26] who reported NOP supplementation had an effect of CH 4 mitigation regardless of type of CH 4 unit (CH 4 g per BW, DMI, milk, DMI, and digested OM). Dijkstra et al [27] revealed that NOP supplementation has stronger CH 4 mitigation effects in dairy cattle than in beef cattle, when a meta-analysis was analyzed using 9 in vivo studies from 2014 to 2018 [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…In a recent meta-analysis, Jayanegara et al [26] observed that increasing NOP supplementation linearly decreased CH 4 emissions regardless of type of CH 4 unit, when a meta-analysis was investigated on 10 in vivo studies [12,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Dijkstra et al [27] revealed that NOP supplementation has stronger CH 4 mitigation effects in dairy cattle than in beef cattle, and those effects were decreased in increasing dietary fiber content, when a meta-analysis was conducted using 9 in vivo studies [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Addressing Global Ruminant Agricultural Challenges Through Understanding the Rumen Microbiome: Past, Present, and Future

“…Nonetheless, reductions in methane emissions do not always result in a redirection of energy, leading to enhanced animal production. For example, 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) has been shown to reduce methane emissions by up to 30% (Hristov et al, 2015 ; Jayanegara et al, 2018 ). However, a meta-analysis of all available animal data following supplementation with 3-NOP only shows modest increases in animal production, possibly due to decreased volatile fatty acid (VFA) produced from breakdown of cellulose and increased H 2 production; both processes requiring energy input (Jayanegara et al, 2018 ).…”

Short communication: Antimethanogenic effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol depend on supplementation dose, dietary fiber content, and cattle type

“…Large variation in response to addition of NOP was reported; namely, between a decrease of 84.3% (Vyas et al, 2016) and an increase of 7.1% (Vyas et al, 2018) in CH 4 production compared with the control diet. In a recent meta-analysis, Jayanegara et al (2018)…”