The effects of dietary supplementation with 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane emissions, rumen fermentation, and production performance in ruminants: a meta-analysis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (NOP) on gas production, rumen fermentation, and animal performances depending on animal type using a meta-analysis approach. A database consisted of data from 14 studies, 18 experiments and 55 treatments. The supplementation of NOP linearly decreased methane (CH 4 ) emissions [g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)] regardless of animal type and length of experimental period (beef, p < 0.0001, R 2 = 0.797; dairy, p = 0.0003, R 2 = 0.916; and long term, p < 0.0001, R 2 = 0.910). The total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and the proportion of acetate, based on beef cattle database, were significantly decreased with increasing NOP supplementation (p = 0.0015, R 2 = 0.804 and p = 0.0003, R 2 = 0.918), whereas other individual VFAs was increased. Based on the dairy database, increasing levels of NOP supplementation linearly decreased proportion of acetate (p = 0.0284, R 2 = 0.769) and increased that of valerate (p = 0.0340, R 2 = 0.522), regardless of significant change on other individual VFAs. In animal performances, the DMI, from beef cattle database, tended to decrease when the levels of NOP supplementation increased (p = 0.0574, R 2 = 0.170), whereas there was no significant change on DMI from dairy cattle database. The NOP supplementation tended to decrease milk yield (p = 0.0606, R 2 = 0.381) and increase milk fat and milk protein (p = 0.0861, R 2 = 0.321, p = 0.0838, R 2 = 0.322). NOP is a viable candidate as a feed additive because of its CH 4 mitigation effects, regardless of animal type and experiment period, without adverse effects on animal performances.

A Review of 3-Nitrooxypropanol for Enteric Methane Mitigation from Ruminant Livestock

“…Most studies consistently report increased propionate proportions at the expense of acetate proportions in rumen fluid with feeding of 3-NOP [ 14 , 32 , 33 ]. A recent meta-analysis [ 19 ] showed that increasing levels of 3-NOP supplementation in dairy diets linearly decreased proportion of acetate and increased that of valerate. In the same meta-analysis but using a beef cattle database, the total VFA concentration and the proportion of acetate were significantly decreased with increasing 3-NOP supplementation, whereas other individual VFA increased [ 19 ].…”

“…A recent meta-analysis [ 19 ] showed that increasing levels of 3-NOP supplementation in dairy diets linearly decreased proportion of acetate and increased that of valerate. In the same meta-analysis but using a beef cattle database, the total VFA concentration and the proportion of acetate were significantly decreased with increasing 3-NOP supplementation, whereas other individual VFA increased [ 19 ]. A change in the end-products of rumen fermentation when feeding 3-NOP can have important consequences for animal metabolism.…”

“…An increase in animal productivity would help offset the additional cost of the feed additive and improve profitability [ 9 ]. 3-Nitrooxypropanol has been evaluated in approximately 28 in vivo and 7 in vitro ruminant studies and several recent meta-analyses have examined this substantial body of information to examine overall efficacy when 3-NOP is used for enteric CH 4 mitigation [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. 3-NOP could provide a feasible strategy for CH 4 mitigation if it is accepted by consumers and approved by regulatory authorities.…”

Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows

“…Furthermore, 3-NOP was observed to shift the fermentation pattern towards alternative H 2 sinks, namely propionate (Jayanegara et al 2018). Body condition and milk performance were reported to be inconsistent in response to potentially additional energy retrieval derived from increased propionate synthesis and CH 4 inhibition by 3-NOP (Hristov et al 2015b;Kim et al 2020).…”

Research progress on the application of feed additives in ruminal methane emission reduction: a review

“…(continued on next page) Wesemael et al, 2019) Inhibits methyl-Coenzyme M activity -Hess et al (2019);Dijkstra et al (2018); Kim et al (2020a); Martinez-Fernandez et al (2018); Melgar et al (2020); Van Wesemael et al (2019); Jayanegara et al (2018);Henderson, Cook & Ronimus (2018) Nitroethane (NE), 2-nitroethanol (NEOH), and 2-nitro-1-propanol (NPOH) can also inhibit methanogenic bacteria and significantly reduce the expression of the methylcoenzyme M reductase gene (Zhang et al, 2020a). In addition, these compounds could reduce the content of coenzymes F420 and F430, reducing ruminal CH 4 production in turn (Zhang et al, 2020a).…”