Usage of Interactive Event Timelines in Collaborative Digital Tabletops Involving Automation

Abstract

Tabletop computers are increasingly being used for complex scenarios, such as emergency response. In such scenarios, maintaining situation awareness of dynamic changes automated by the system is crucial for users to make optimal decisions. If the system does not provide collaborators with appropriate feedback, they can become confused and "out-of-the-loop" about the current system state, leading to non-optimal decisions or actions. To enhance situation awareness of dynamic changes occurring in the collaborative tabletop environment, we designed an interactive event timeline to enable exploration of historical system events. We conducted a user study to understand how various design alternatives of interactive event timelines impacted situation awareness in the context of a cooperative tabletop game. Our initial results showed that, on average, all groups scored high on their combined level of situation awareness, regardless of the given timeline designs. To better understand what role the timelines played for the groups, we conducted an in-depth video analysis. Participants used the timelines mostly for perceiving new changes by interacting with the detailed information. The high-level information was beneficial for projecting future system states. The information presented in the timeline was considered as the correct historical account and was used for negotiating participants' knowledge of the changes. We al-This is the author's version of this book chapter. It is posted here for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version of record should be cited as:

Awareness Techniques to Aid Transitions between Personal and Shared Workspaces in Multi-Display Environments

“…In a complex MDE environment, where the virtual workspace can be large (e.g., a map), it can be difficult to keep track of each other's activities, even in a synchronous system. One approach is to use a timeline that summarizes activities, a solution adopted for a complex collaborative game on a tabletop [13], and for scientific exploration of data on a shared display [37]. Another, is Mnemonic Rendering [5], that stores changes and plays them back on demand, or summarizes and superimposes them on the interface in a semi-transparent layer.…”