US North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study: Resilient Adaptation to Increasing Risk

Simm, Jonathan; Guise, Amy I.; Robbins, David; Engle, Jason

doi:10.1680/cm.61149.639

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The structures in the study area have been characterized in terms of seven prototype categories as outlined in the Army Corp of Engineers (ACOE) North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study (NACCS) [15]. This classification system has been selected to be consistent with the damage functions used in CERI to estimate structure and content damage [16]. Figure 4, left side, shows all prototypes, while the right side of the figure shows the prototypes that dominate the Southern RI shoreline communities (Prototypes 5, 6, and 7).…”

Section: Structure and Infrastructure Type And Elevationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Damage (structure) functions from both waves and inundation are estimated using data from the NACCS study as summarized by Simm et al [16] for each structure type noted in Table 2. As examples, Figure 5 shows the damage functions for single story residence with no basement (NACCS Prototype 5A) (upper panel) and a residence on an open pile foundation (7A; lower panel).…”

Section: Wave and Inundation Damage Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of STORMTOOLS Coastal Environmental Risk Index (CERI) to Inform State and Local Planning and Decision Making along the Southern RI Shoreline

Spaulding

Grilli

Damon

et al. 2020

JMSE

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STORMTOOLS coastal environmental risk index (CERI) was applied to communities located along the southern coast of Rhode Island (RI) to determine the risk to structures located in the flood plain. CERI uses estimates of the base flood elevation (BFE), explicitly including the effects of sea level rise (SLR); details on the structure types, from the E911 emergency data base/parcel data, and associated first floor elevation (FFE); and damage curves from the US Army Corp of Engineers North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study (NACCS) to determine the damages to structures for the study area. Surge levels and associated offshore waves used to determine BFEs were obtained from the NACCS hydrodynamic and wave model predictions. The impacts of sea level rise and coastal erosion on flooding were modeled using XBeach and STWAVE and validated by observations at selected locations along the coastline. CERI estimated the structural damage to each structure in the coastal flood plain for 100 yr flooding with SLR ranging from 0 to 10 ft. The number of structures at risk was estimated to increase approximate linearly from 3700 for no SLR to about 8000 for 10 ft SLR, with about equal percentages for each of the four coastal communities (Narragansett, South Kingstown, Charlestown, and Westerly, Rhode Island (RI)). The majority of the structures in the flood plain are single/story residences without (41%) and with (46%) basements (total 87%; structures with basements are the most vulnerable). Less vulnerable are structures elevated on piles with 8.8% of the total. The remaining are commercial structures principally located either in the Port of Galilee and or Watch Hill. The analysis showed that about 20% of the structures in the 100 yr flood plain are estimated to be damaged at 50% or greater. This increases to 55% of structures as SLR rises to 5 ft. At higher SLR values the percent damaged at 50% or greater slowly declines to 45% at 10 ft SLR. This behavior is a result of the number of homes below MSL increasing dramatically as SLR values moves higher than 5 ft and thus being removed from the structures damaged pool. Generalized CERI risk maps have developed to allow the managers to determine the broad risk of siting structures at any location in their communities. CERI has recently become available as a mobile phone App, facilitating the ability of state and local decision makers and the public to determine the risk of locating a selected building type at any location in their communities.

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Section: Structure and Infrastructure Type And Elevationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wave and Inundation Damage Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of STORMTOOLS Coastal Environmental Risk Index (CERI) to Inform State and Local Planning and Decision Making along the Southern RI Shoreline

Spaulding

Grilli

Damon

et al. 2020

JMSE

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“…The state emergency E-911 database and records from the tax assessor's office for individual communities were used to provide information on building locations and types. Inundation and wave structural damage, by building type, were obtained from the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), North Atlantic Coastal Comprehensive Study (NACCS) [7,8]. In CERI, the flooding environment is specified in terms of the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) for the 100 yr storm event, with the associated SLR value of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In applying and evaluating the results of CERI's application, it was noted that the damage functions from the US Army Corps of Engineers, North Atlantic Comprehensive Coastal Study (USACE NACCS) displayed significant uncertainty for the various structural types. The uncertainty was sufficiently large, such that an expert panel was used to develop the final damage curves [8]. As an example, Figure 1 shows the damage functions generated during the NACCS study [8] for a single-story house with no basement (Prototype 5A).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of STORMTOOLS Design Load (SDL) Maps

Silverman

Engelman

Leone³

et al. 2021

JMSE

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Under the STORMTOOLS initiative, maps of the impact of sea level rise (SLR) (0 to 12 ft), nuisance flooding (1–10 yr), 25, 50, and 100 yr storms, and hindcasts of the four top ranked tropical storms have been developed for the coastal waters of Rhode Island (RI). Estimates of the design elevations, expressed in terms of the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) and thus incorporating surge and associated wave conditions, have also been developed, including the effects of SLR to facilitate structural design. Finally, Coastal Environmental Risk Index (CERI) maps have been developed to estimate the risk to individual structures and infrastructure. CERI employs the BFE maps in concert with damage curves for residential and commercial structures to make estimates of damage to individual structures. All maps are available via an ArcGIS Hub. The objective of this senior design capstone project was to develop STORMTOOLS Design Load maps (SDL) with a goal of estimating the hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, wave, and debris loading, based on ASCE/SEI 7–16 Minimum Design Standards methods, on residential structures in the RI coastal floodplain. The resulting maps display the unitized loads and thus can be scaled for any structure of interest. The goal of the maps is to provide environmental loads that support the design of structures, and reduce the time and cost required in performing the design and the permitting process, while also improving the accuracy and consistency of the designs. SDL maps were generated for all loads, including the effects of SLR for a test case: the Watch Hill/Misquamicut Beach, Westerly, along the southern RI coast. The Autodesk Professional Robot Structural Analysis software, along with SDL loading, was used to evaluate the designs for selected on-grade and pile-elevated residential structures. Damage curves were generated for each and shown to be consistent with the US Army Corps of Engineers empirical damage curves currently used in CERI.

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“…The pre-generated composite approach uses a set of climatologically generated synthetic hurricanes that can affect a particular coastal region. Storm surges can then be predicted based on the current hurricane forecast, and the pre-generated storm surge of the closest match can be chosen through a table lookup or using a statistical method [3][4][5][6][7]. While this method is very fast, its accuracy is limited due to the variability of the wind and track parameters of the current hurricane [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Hurricane Storm Surge Generation and Propagation Using a Forecasting Model, Forecast Advisories and Best Track in a Wind Model, and Observed Data—Case Study Hurricane Rita

Musinguzi

Akbar

Fleming³

et al. 2019

JMSE

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Meteorological forcing is the primary driving force and primary source of errors for storm surge forecasting. The objective of this study was to learn how forecasted meteorological forcing influences storm surge generation and propagation during a hurricane so that storm surge models can be reliably used to forecast actual events. Hindcasts and forecasts of Hurricane Rita (2005) storm surge was used as a case study. Meteorological forcing or surface wind/pressure fields for Hurricane Rita were generated using both the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) full-scale forecasting model along with archived hurricane advisories ingested into a sophisticated parametric wind model, namely Generalized Asymmetric Holland Model (GAHM). These wind fields were used to forecast Rita storm surges. Observation based wind fields from the OceanWeather Inc. (OWI) Interactive Objective Kinematic Analysis (IOKA) model, and Best track wind data ingested into the GAHM model were used to generate wind fields for comparison purposes. These wind fields were all used to hindcast Rita storm surges with the ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model coupled with the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model in a tightly coupled storm surge-wave model referred to as ADCIRC+SWAN. The surge results were compared against a quality-controlled database of observed data to assess the performance of these wind fields on storm surge generation and propagation. The surge hindcast produced by the OWI wind field performed the best, although some high water mark (HWM) locations were overpredicted. Although somewhat underpredicted, the WRF wind fields forecasted wider surge extent and wetted most HWM locations. The hindcast using the Best track parameters in the GAHM and the forecast using forecast/advisories from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) in the GAHM produced strong and narrow wind fields causing localized high surges, which resulted in overprediction near landfall while many HWM locations away from wind bands remained dry.

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US North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study: Resilient Adaptation to Increasing Risk

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Application of STORMTOOLS Coastal Environmental Risk Index (CERI) to Inform State and Local Planning and Decision Making along the Southern RI Shoreline

Application of STORMTOOLS Coastal Environmental Risk Index (CERI) to Inform State and Local Planning and Decision Making along the Southern RI Shoreline

Development and Application of STORMTOOLS Design Load (SDL) Maps

Understanding Hurricane Storm Surge Generation and Propagation Using a Forecasting Model, Forecast Advisories and Best Track in a Wind Model, and Observed Data—Case Study Hurricane Rita

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