US military, airspace, and meteorological radar system impacts from utility class wind turbines: Implications for renewable energy targets and the wind industry

Auld, Trisha; McHenry, Mark P.; Whale, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2012.12.008

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A renewable energy system could have a life-cycle efficiency of less than 100% and still be superior to a fossil based system in terms of energy resources sustainability. The use of modern renewable energy technologies, including wind turbines [60][61][62], solar panels [42,63], biomass pellets [64,65], small hydro [66][67][68] and others are increasing rapidly. Renewable energy might solve some of the existing problems.…”

Section: Role Of Decision Making Techniques and Approaches In Sustainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable and Renewable Energy: An Overview of the Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Making Techniques and Approaches

et al. 2015

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The main purpose of this paper is to present a systematic review of MCDM techniques and approaches in sustainable and renewable energy systems problems. This study reviewed a total of 54 papers published from 2003-2015 in more than 20 high-ranking journals, most related to sustainable and renewable energies, and which were extracted from the Web of Science database. In the category of application areas, papers were classified into two main groups: (1) sustainable energy and (2) renewable energy. Furthermore, in the classification of techniques and approaches, the papers were categorized into six groups: (1) AHP and F-AHP; (2) ANP and VIKOR; (3) TOPSIS and F-TOPSIS; (4) PROMETHEE; (5) integrated methods and (6) other methods. In addition, papers were reviewed based on the authors' nationalities, the publication date, techniques and approaches, the name of journal and studies criteria. The results of this study indicated that, in 2015, scholars have published more papers than in other years. Furthermore, AHP/fuzzy AHP and integrated methods were ranked as the first rank, with 14 papers.

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Section: Role Of Decision Making Techniques and Approaches In Sustainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable and Renewable Energy: An Overview of the Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Making Techniques and Approaches

et al. 2015

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“…It is clear from the literature and the interviews that wind industry stakeholders seek 'early engagement' from authorities with distinct requirements such as the DOD, DHS, FAA, and NOAA, to ensure wind turbine projects are not unduly delayed or prevented, and that US defence capability, air supremacy, and missile detection is not compromised [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…David Belote from the US DOD explained that some stealth and radar training and testing facilities require "an electromagnetic pristine environment" for testing new technologies aimed at covert security operations, confirming that electromagnetic interference by wind turbines is also a fundamental concern to the DOD [24].…”

Section: Effects Of Wind Turbines On Military Sites and Operationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( Table 2 Base, yet the DOD will not go so far as to outwardly validate the efficacy of these mitigations, and are also testing the TPS-77 radar which has been demonstrated in other countries to also improve coverage around wind farms [24]. NOAA's NEXRAD radar is also a favourable mitigation option for turbine interference, with its superior processing capability for weather forecasting [29].…”

Section: Radar Upgradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Options to mitigate utility-scale wind turbine impacts on defence capability, air supremacy, and missile detection

2014

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There is increasing interest in, and concern over, the impact that the growing number of utility-scale wind farms are having on air supremacy and early warning missile detection in relation to radar clutter and shadow, seismic noise, and flight obstructions.This work identifies US defence industry concerns in relation to wind developments and conducts US industry interviews with representatives from the field of radar, the wind development industry, and government defence agencies. The results of the interviews provide detailed insights defining radar and military concerns raised around wind turbines and reveal that the US Department of Defense (DOD) have invested US $3 million to date on developing a suite of solutions to these concerns. This research discusses selected solutions available for the US DOD approval and alternative options that may be introduced to mitigate the impact of utility-scale wind turbines on defence and security. Implementing solutions will require greater cooperation between government agencies and wind developers, dedicated funding, a common research plan, and streamlined processes.

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“…This resulted in the reduction in the growth of wind energy and also affected the target of the U.S. Department of Energy to produce 20% of energy by wind turbines by the end of 2030. 26 Such effects, if any, should also be thoroughly investigated.…”

Section: World Wind Energy Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Wind Energy Development and Policy in India

Sholapurkar

Mahajan

2015

Energy Technology & Policy

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Due to growing population, economic growth, and socioeconomic development, energy is the most essential need. Worldwide, about 86.4% of energy is produced by fossil fuels. Globally, India ranks fourth among the countries that produce wind energy. The last five years' growth in wind energy in India is about 16%. This growing Indian wind energy market is compared with the world scenario along with the state of Maharashtra in India, which is at the second position in the country, backed up by a detailed database. The review includes the details of Maharashtra's wind energy progress in the last few years with predictions of the future for some years, considering factors such as wind project installations, total capacity, declared wind sites, wind power density at different altitudes, and so forth. This review also covers the potential wind sites with monitoring stations and velocity. The significance of this work is that it explores the wind potential and facilitates the reader to judge the upcoming market in this region and also for possible investment in wind power generation. It also briefly considers the scope and policies in wind energy development and investment.

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US military, airspace, and meteorological radar system impacts from utility class wind turbines: Implications for renewable energy targets and the wind industry

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Sustainable and Renewable Energy: An Overview of the Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Making Techniques and Approaches

Sustainable and Renewable Energy: An Overview of the Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Making Techniques and Approaches

Options to mitigate utility-scale wind turbine impacts on defence capability, air supremacy, and missile detection

Review of Wind Energy Development and Policy in India

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