Urticaria as Symptom of Parasite Migration Through the Biological Barriers

Bakiri, Alketa

doi:10.2174/1874838401104010001

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…His CSU resolved completely after specific and effective treatment of the infection. Since then, infections with endoparasites, such as helminths (worms, which consist of many cells and have internal organs) and protozoa (consist of only one cell), have been discussed to cause chronic urticaria, and several clinical studies and reviews on the prevalence and relevance of PI in patients with CSU were performed and published .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have linked CSU with PI , but the true rate of comorbidity, the role of parasites in CSU etiology, and the pathomechanisms in CSU due to PI are still unclear. Here, we review and evaluate the prevalence of PI in CSU and vice versa, we assess the role of PI as a cause of CSU and the effect of antiparasitic treatment on CSU, and we discuss possible pathomechanisms in CSU due to PI.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chronic spontaneous urticaria and internal parasites – a systematic review

Kolkhir

Balakirski

Merk

et al. 2015

Allergy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as persistent wheals, angioedema, or both lasting for >6 weeks due to known or unknown causes. Some epidemiological studies and case reports suggest that internal parasite infections (PI) can cause CSU. Here, we provide a systematic overview of published findings on the prevalence and relevance of PI in CSU and we discuss possible pathomechanisms. The prevalence of PI in CSU was investigated by 39 independent studies and comorbidity reportedly ranged from 0 to 75.4% (two-thirds of these studies reported infection rates of 10% or less). The prevalence of PI in adult and pediatric CSU patients ranged from 0% to 75.4% and from 0% to 37.8%, respectively. CSU patients were more often diagnosed with protozoa and had a significantly higher risk of toxocariasis seropositivity and Anisakis simplex sensitization when compared to healthy controls. Patients with chronic urticaria more frequently had seropositivity of fasciolosis, Anisakis simplex sensitization, and the presence of Blastocystis hominis allele 34 (ST3) as compared with control subjects. In 21 studies, efficacy of treatment with antiparasitic drugs ranged from 0 to 100% (35.7% of 269 CSU patients benefitted). In 9 (42.8%) of 21 studies, more than 50% of efficacy was observed. The reported rate of urticaria comorbidity in PI patients in 18 independent studies is 1-66.7%. Urticaria including CSU might be a quite common symptom of strongyloidiasis and blastocystosis. Pathogenic mechanisms in CSU due to PI may include specific IgE, Th2 cytokine skewing, eosinophils, activation of the complement, and the coagulation systems.Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as the recurrent development of transient wheals (hives), angioedema (AE), or both for >6 weeks due to known or unknown causes (1). The prevalence of CSU in the general population has been estimated to range from 0.5% to 5% (1, 2). In up to 90% of CSU cases, the search for underlying causes is not successful, in routine clinical practice (1-3). Autoimmunity, food intolerance, and infections, including internal parasitic infections (PI), have been described as underlying causes of CSU (1, 4). A possible role for PI in urticaria was suggested as early as in 1949 (5): in a 16-year-old boy with Giardia lamblia and CSU. His CSU resolved completely after specific and effective treatment of the infection. Since then, infections with endoparasites, such as helminths (worms, which consist of many cells and have internal organs) and protozoa (consist of only one cell), have been discussed to cause chronic urticaria, and several clinical studies and reviews on the prevalence and relevance of PI in patients with CSU were performed and published (4,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10).Parasites are more prevalent in equatorial regions and countries with a tropical climate, high humidity, poor sanitation, dirty water, substandard and crowded housing, and in populations with low socioeconomic status (sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Caribbean) (11,12). According to a ...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic spontaneous urticaria and internal parasites – a systematic review

Kolkhir

Balakirski

Merk

et al. 2015

Allergy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Clinical investigations of the link between parasitosis and skin allergic symptoms are very limited, despite the fact that some parasites are among the most potent inducers of IgE production . Recent reports suggest that interaction between parasites and host immunity is more complex than previously understood, especially with reference to Trichuris muris , Strongyloides spp., Echinococcus spp., and Anisakis simplex . Mouse studies on the immune response to G. lamblia and Giardia muris showed that Giardia spp.…”

Section: Urticaria As Symptom Of Parasite Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Recent reports suggest that interaction between parasites and host immunity is more complex than previously understood, especially with reference to Trichuris muris, Strongyloides spp., Echinococcus spp., and Anisakis simplex. 30 Mouse studies on the immune response to G. lamblia and Giardia muris showed that Giardia spp. can express different types of variant surface protein.…”

Section: Urticaria As Symptom Of Parasite Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mysterious chronic urticaria caused by Blastocystis spp.?

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Species of the genus Blastocystis, which are single-cell, intestinal protozoan parasites of humans and animals, remain mysterious, with unclear clinical and epidemiologic significance. In recent years, many researchers have suggested a possible connection between Blastocystis spp. infection and chronic urticaria. In the present article, we review the literature and discuss the possible associations between the clinical symptomatology and pathogenicity of this organism in terms of its subtypes, morphologic forms, genetic diversity, and interactions with other intestinal microbiota.

show abstract

“…Thus, development of hyperreactive respiratory symptoms during common bacterial and viral infections after a "silent" incubatory period suggests that microorganisms may manipulate host immunity, allowing themselves a "safe escape" for a few days to do that, before the production of eradicative IgA or IgG antibodies [22]. While common microorganisms induce hyperreactive/allergic respiratory symptoms after their reproduction, massive infestation with various geohelminths in equatorial regions is associated with suppression of respiratory symptoms and a lower prevalence of atopic pathologies despite the potent IgE induction [1,21,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The negative correlation of infective agent survival to the concentration of specific IgG1 and IgA suggests that in vivo, Th2 profile may not simply be a host-chosen reaction only, but also the most efficient and beneficial humoral response during host-infection interaction [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: The Role Of Infections In the Respiratory Atopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Antibiotics and Infection-Host Interactions in the Prevalence of Respiratory Atopy: Experience and Perspective

Bakiri¹,

Mingomataj²,

Ibranji³

2015

TOALLJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:We have witnessed a dramatic increase in the prevalence of respiratory allergies during the last decades. The role of infections in the prevalence of respiratory allergic diseases is attributed to the antagonism between: a) induction of T helper (Th) 1 immune response by human organism; and b) manipulation of the human immune response toward Th2 profile by common infective agents in order to increase their surviving opportunity. This review proposes an important role of massive antibiotics exposure during neonatal and early childhood on the increasing epidemiological trend. It is believed that the antibiotics exposure during early childhood has also provided better surviving opportunity for atopic individuals with an inadequate immune defense against common infections, deviating therefore the genetic background of general population toward Th2 profile. Taking this into account, we suggest that Th2 profile frequency (and consequently atopic phenotype prevalence) can be increased along an individual lifespan after initial massive antibiotic introduction, until the entire population is exposed to them during childhood. This hypothesis may explain findings on epidemiological surveys, which report a prevalent increase among adults in industrialized countries between 1970s and 2000s, while in recently-developed countries this trend begun only at the end of 1980s. These arguments may lead to the conclusion that infections will manipulate the human immunity along generations, whereas actual antibiotics can increase the prevalence of respiratory allergies among a population only along an individual longevity. These findings may be beneficial in the development of future strategies for management of respiratory allergic or infective pathologies.

show abstract

Urticaria as Symptom of Parasite Migration Through the Biological Barriers

Cited by 8 publications

References 71 publications

Chronic spontaneous urticaria and internal parasites – a systematic review

Chronic spontaneous urticaria and internal parasites – a systematic review

Mysterious chronic urticaria caused by Blastocystis spp.?

Role of Antibiotics and Infection-Host Interactions in the Prevalence of Respiratory Atopy: Experience and Perspective

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About