Uropathogen Interaction With the Surface of Urological Stents Using Different Surface Properties

Abstract

Heparin coating does not decrease bacterial adherence to ureteral stents. Drug eluting antimicrobials have an inhibitory effect on bacterial adherence and the Polaris stent showed the least bacterial adherence of the nondrug eluting ureteral stents tested.

Design and Development of Two Test Fixtures to Test the Longitudinal and Transverse Tensile Properties of Small Diameter Tubular Polymers

“…Similar to hemodialysis catheters, urinary stents and catheters can often result in urinary tract infections; thus, different antimicrobial coatings are frequently studied to resolve this issue [21,28,29]. An ideal urinary stent must have excellent tensile…”

“…Additionally, any coatings to fight infection must not have any negative impact on the tensile properties [28]. When urinary catheters have been implanted for a long duration of time, they must be removed in a safe and effective manner.…”

Biomaterials in Urology - Beyond Drug Eluting and Degradable - A Rational Approach to Ureteral Stent Design

“…Biofilm encrustation was evident only on the external surface of the coated stent after 1 year of being in place. Heparin coated ureteral stents (Radiance Stent, Cook Urological) were tested in an in vitro model of infected urine and did not display any reduction in bacterial adherence compared to control stents (Lange, Elwood et al 2009). These preliminary results are somewhat promising, but clinical trials involving a larger number of patients are needed to ensure that heparin coating of stents is effective across a broader patient range.…”

“…Similarly a heparin-coated stent was designed to prevent bacterial adhesion given the material's highly negative charge. This stent was shown to decrease encrustation in patients (Hildebrandt, Sayyad et al 2001;Riedl, Witkowski et al 2002;Cauda, Cauda et al 2008), however was unable to prevent bacterial adhesion (Lange, Elwood et al 2009). The use of diamond-like amorphous carbon as a coating on stents is a new technology that has shown some promise in terms of inhibiting encrustation (Laube, Bradenahl et al 2006;Laube, Kleinen et al 2007), however experiments aimed at determining its ability to inhibit bacterial adhesion is lacking.…”

“…Various attempts have been made to reduce the deposition of crystals, bacteria, and protein on stent surfaces including using low surface energy biomaterials , heparin coating (Cauda, Cauda et al 2008), antimicrobial eluting biomaterials Chew, Cadieux et al 2006;Wignall, Goneau et al 2008;Cadieux, Chew et al 2009), diamond-like carbon coatings (Laube, Kleinen et al 2007), polyethylene glycol and marine mussel adhesive proteins (Pechey, Elwood et al 2009) to name just a few. Most have limited effectiveness and some have even shown increased bacterial adhesion compared to controls in the case of heparin coating (Lange, Elwood et al 2009). While drug-eluting technology of biomaterials is both readily available and used clinically in other fields, its role in urology has been limited.…”