“…For risk adjustment, we used the year of surgery, age at surgery, sex, body mass index, activities of daily living, American Society of Anesthesiologists Performance Status classification, 26 Union for International Cancer Control‐TNM classification (7th edition), 27 surgical approach (open or laparoscopy), white blood cell count, platelet count, prothrombin time‐international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, absence/presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dyspnea, recent history of weight loss (more than 10% within 6 months), and bleeding disorder (including anticoagulant use).…”