Urological Sequelae to Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Pet Dogs: A Natural Disease Model of Neuropathic Bladder Dysfunction

Cook, Lloyd Allen; Byron, Julie K.; Moore, Sarah A.

doi:10.1310/sci2503-205

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Its overall better reflection of clinical reality as compared with classic experimental animal models makes this canine model highly suitable for translational studies on SCI. [24][25][26] In the present study, low-dose TeNT injections failed to induce a significant improvement of gait impairment in the participating SCI dogs. This is somewhat in contrast to our previously reported case series, where four treated SCI dogs had improved stance and/or gait function after TeNT injections.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

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Intramuscular tetanus neurotoxin reverses muscle atrophy: a randomized controlled trial in dogs with spinal cord injury

Kutschenko

Manig

Mönnich

et al. 2021

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Motor symptoms of spinal cord injury (SCI) considerably impair quality of life and are associated with a high risk of secondary diseases. So far, no pharmacological treatment is available for these symptoms. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study in dogs with spontaneous SCI due to disc herniation to test whether a reduction of spinal inhibitory activity by intramuscular injections of tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) alleviates motor symptoms such as muscle atrophy or gait function. Methods To this end, 25 dogs were treated with injections of either TeNT or placebo into their paretic hindlimb muscles. Effects of TeNT on muscle thickness were assessed by ultrasound, while effects on gait function were measured using the modified functional scoring system in dogs. Results Four weeks after the TeNT injections, muscle thickness of the gluteus medius muscle (before median 1.56 cm [inter‐quartile range {IQR} 1.34–1.71 cm] and after median 1.56 cm [IQR 1.37–1.85 cm], P‐value 0.0133) as well as of the rectus femoris muscle (before median 0.76 cm [IQR 0.60–0.98 cm] and after median 0.93 cm [IQR 0.65–1.05 cm], P‐value 0.0033) significantly increased in the TeNT group. However, there was no difference in gait function between the TeNT and placebo groups. The treatment was well tolerated by all dogs without any signs of generalized tetanus symptoms or any spreading of effects beyond the lumbar level of the injected hindlimbs. Conclusions With regard to the beneficial effects on muscle thickness, intramuscular injections of TeNT represent the first pharmacological approach that focally reverses muscle atrophy in SCI. Moreover, the study data support the safety of this treatment when TeNT is used at low dose.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…SCI in these dogs comes along with a clinical presentation, pathophysiology, histopathological findings, and outcomes that are comparable with SCI in humans. Its overall better reflection of clinical reality as compared with classic experimental animal models makes this canine model highly suitable for translational studies on SCI 24–26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramuscular tetanus neurotoxin reverses muscle atrophy: a randomized controlled trial in dogs with spinal cord injury

Kutschenko

Manig

Mönnich

et al. 2021

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…Recovery of urinary continence and pelvic floor muscle function in the chronic phase of spinal cord injury is highly valued by humans ( 1 , 2 ). Dogs have been proposed as a large animal model for this purpose in particular those with T3-L3 spinal cord injury resulting in “upper motor neuron” bladder dysfunction ( 102 , 103 ). The physiology of urination in dogs is more likely to be closer to humans compared to rodents because they are “house trained,” and undergo larger fluctuations in bladder size pre-injury, having a similar number of micturitions per day to humans compared to rodents.…”

Section: The Study Of Urinary Incontinence With the Canine Translatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder and Bowel Management in Dogs With Spinal Cord Injury

2020

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Spinal cord injury in companion dogs can lead to urinary and fecal incontinence or retention, depending on the severity, and localization of the lesion along the canine nervous system. The bladder and gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by lesions of the autonomic system can be difficult to recognize, interpret and are easily overlooked. Nevertheless, it is crucial to maintain a high degree of awareness of the impact of micturition and defecation disturbances on the animal's condition, welfare and on the owner. The management of these disabilities is all the more challenging that the autonomic nervous system physiology is a complex topic. In this review, we propose to briefly remind the reader the physiology of micturition and defecation in dogs. We then present the bladder and gastrointestinal clinical signs associated with sacral lesions (i.e., the L7-S3 spinal cord segments and nerves) and supra-sacral lesions (i.e., cranial to the L7 spinal cord segment), largely in the context of intervertebral disc herniation. We summarize what is known about the natural recovery of urinary and fecal continence in dogs after spinal cord injury. In particular we review the incidence of urinary tract infection after injury. We finally explore the past and recent literature describing management of urinary and fecal dysfunction in the acute and chronic phase of spinal cord injury. This comprises medical therapies but importantly a number of surgical options, some known for decades such as sacral nerve stimulation, that might spark some interest in the field of spinal cord injury in companion dogs.

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“…The dog is a valuable model for urogenital and microbiota-related research, and investigation of the canine UM might inform disease pathology relevant to both canine and human health, such as urolithiasis, urinary tract infections, neoplasia, and neurogenic bladder [ 18 – 21 ]. The presence of urinary microbial communities in dogs is also well-established [ 22 – 26 ], yet the impact of urine collection method on microbiota composition in dogs remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of urine collection method on canine urinary microbiota detection: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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Background The urinary tract harbors unique microbial communities that play important roles in urogenital health and disease. Dogs naturally suffer from several of the same urological disorders as humans (e.g., urinary tract infections, neoplasia, urolithiasis) and represent a valuable translational model for studying the role of urinary microbiota in various disease states. Urine collection technique represents a critical component of urinary microbiota research study design. However, the impact of collection method on the characterization of the canine urinary microbiota remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether urine collection technique alters the microbial populations detected in canine urine samples. Urine was collected from asymptomatic dogs by both cystocentesis and midstream voiding. Microbial DNA was isolated from each sample and submitted for amplicon sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial 16 S rRNA gene, followed by analyses to compare microbial diversity and composition between urine collection techniques. Results Samples collected via midstream voiding exhibited significantly higher sequence read counts (P = .036) and observed richness (P = .0024) than cystocentesis urine. Bray Curtis and Unweighted UniFrac measures of beta diversity showed distinct differences in microbial composition by collection method (P = .0050, R2 = 0.06 and P = .010, R2 = 0.07, respectively). Seven taxa were identified as differentially abundant between groups. Pasteurellaceae, Haemophilus, Friedmanniella, two variants of Streptococcus, and Fusobacterium were over-represented in voided urine, while a greater abundance of Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia characterized cystocentesis samples. Analyses were performed at five thresholds for minimum sequence depth and using three data normalization strategies to validate results; patterns of alpha and beta diversity remained consistent regardless of minimum read count requirements or normalization method. Conclusion Microbial composition differs in canine urine samples collected via cystocentesis as compared to those collected via midstream voiding. Future researchers should select a single urine collection method based on the biological question of interest when designing canine urinary microbiota studies. Additionally, the authors suggest caution when interpreting results across studies that did not utilize identical urine collection methods.

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Urological Sequelae to Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Pet Dogs: A Natural Disease Model of Neuropathic Bladder Dysfunction

Cited by 6 publications

References 69 publications

Intramuscular tetanus neurotoxin reverses muscle atrophy: a randomized controlled trial in dogs with spinal cord injury

Intramuscular tetanus neurotoxin reverses muscle atrophy: a randomized controlled trial in dogs with spinal cord injury

Bladder and Bowel Management in Dogs With Spinal Cord Injury

The impact of urine collection method on canine urinary microbiota detection: a cross-sectional study

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