Urine Indican Excretion in Malabsorptive Disorders

Greenberger, Norton J.; Saegh, Samad; Ruppert, Richard D.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(19)34071-5

Cited by 45 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…When commensal gut microflora converts tryptophan to indole and then to 3-hydroxy indole (indican) by hepatic enzymes, the excreted indican in urine can be colorimetrically determined. High indican levels may indicate improper protein breakdown and has been shown to be a marker for digestive problems such as indigestion, bloating, food sensitivity reactions, and other GI symptoms [22,23]. With the lack of diagnostic tests to monitor treatment responses in FGID, the use of LMT and urine indican testing may be relevant in efficacy trials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Probiotics and Nutrients in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Preliminary Clinical Trial

et al. 2006

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of commonly used probiotics and nutrients available for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). Five different combinations of probiotics and nutrients, or placebo, were taken daily over 12 weeks. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, men and women 21 to 72 years of age with FGID symptoms of indigestion, bloating, and abdominal discomfort were assigned to one of six groups, 12 patients per group. Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for GI symptoms, SF-36, lactulose and mannitol test (LMT), and urine indican levels were evaluated. GIQLI, VAS scores, and LMT did not change significantly (P > 0.05). There were clinically notable improvements in two of the combination formulations. While the nonsignificant improvements in GI symptoms could suggest that combination probiotics and nutrients may be beneficial in conditions such as FGID, no conclusive evidence was found in this pilot trial. Further investigations to explore the findings are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Probiotics and Nutrients in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Preliminary Clinical Trial

et al. 2006

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“…Some urinary metabolites originating from amino acids have been considered to represent some conditions of the intestinal environment. Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (17,18), protein malabsorption (12) and high intake of beef (13) are known to alter bacterial metabolic activities and sometimes bacterial population levels, and to cause excretion of excessive urinary indoxylsulphate (indican), phenols and amines as bacterial catabolites of tryptophan, tyrosine, lysine or histidine in man and rats. In addition, Sheldon and Stephen demonstrated mutagenic urine from all patients with cirrhosis and suggested that the mutagenic compounds in urine might be those produced by the intestinal flora, but which are normally detoxified by hepatic biotransformation (23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Lactobacilli on Urinary Indican Excretion in Gnotobiotic Rats and in Man

Tohyama

Kobayashi

Kan

et al. 1981

Microbiology and Immunology

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The effect of Lactobacillus species on urinary indican excretion in two types of gnotobiotic rats (GBH-9 and GB-S) and in man was studied. L. salivarius, L. plantarum and L. casei colonized in the cecum and colon of both types of rats at levels of 10 7 to 10 8 per gram of contents following one-dose oral administratron and caused a significant reduction in urinary indican excretion, whereas two strains of L. acidophilus which colonized at low levels (10 4 to 10 5 jg) did not reduce indican excretion. Daily feeding of Lactobacillus concentrates caused a further significant reduction in indican excretion which was corrected by tryptophan intake, even in the case of L. acidophiius. There was a clear relationship between fecal lactobacillus counts and urinary indican. A significant reduction of indican secretion was obtained only when the fecal counts of lactobacilli exceeded 10 7 . 4 jg in rats.L. casei also had an effect in man, reducing urinary excretion of indican and pcresol. Reduction in indican excretion seems to be accompanied by decreasing fecal tryptophanase activity in rats and man. A negative correlation was also obtained between fecal resident lactobacilli and urinary indican in man (r= -0.532, n=28, p

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“…The excretion of indican is of particular interest, because indicanuria hm been used as ti marker of bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel [2][3][4]. Some of these bacterial strains can convert dietary tryptophan to indol, which metabolised by the liver to indican and excreted in the urine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since indicanuria often occurs in patients with bacterial overgrowth due to excessive degradation of dietary tryptophan [3], it is possible that the serum tryptophan level in these patients is reduced and that this reduction of tryptophan is accompanied by a decrease in albumin synthesis. Jones et al…”

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confidence: 99%

Rate of Synthesis of Albumin in Relation to Serum Levels of Essential Amino Acids in Patients with Bacterial Overgrowth in the Small Bowel

Yap

Hafkenscheid

Tongeren

et al. 1974

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel has been recognised in 11 patients with the aid of the breath-test with [glyco-1-W] cholic acid and by the determination of the amount of bacteria in the jejunal juice. In all but one patient hypoalbuminaemia. from 21.9 to 42.9 g/l, was observed. This low level of serum albumin can be due to an excessive intestinal protein-loss or to e decreased rate of synthesis of albumin as the result of an insufficient delivery of amino acids to the liver. In 11 patients with bacterial overgrowth the rate of synthesis of albumin has been determined by the 1%-carbonate method. Compared to a control group the rate of albumin synthesis and the serum level of valine, leucine, lysine and tryptophan were significantly decreased in the patienta with bacterial overgrowth. A positive correlation waa found between the rate of albumin synthesis and the serum levels of valine, kleucine, leucine and tryptophan. When the mrum levels of these 4 essential amino acids were low, the rate of albumin synthesis was depressed.Key WOTdB: Rate of synthesis of albumin, serum amino acids, bacterial overgrowth, small bowel. 7. Rothechild, M. A., Oratz, a[., Schreiber, 8. S.: Effects of Division of Gastro-enterology carbon tetrachloride on albumin synthesis. J. elin. Invest., Department of Medicine 61,2310 (1972) St. Radboudziekenhuis 8. Staehelin, T., Verney, E., Sidransky, H.: The influence of University of Nijmegen nutritional change on pl@osomes of the liver. Biochim. Nijmegen biophys. Acta (Amst.) 148,105 (1967)

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Urine Indican Excretion in Malabsorptive Disorders

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Efficacy of Probiotics and Nutrients in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Preliminary Clinical Trial

Efficacy of Probiotics and Nutrients in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Preliminary Clinical Trial

Effect of Lactobacilli on Urinary Indican Excretion in Gnotobiotic Rats and in Man

Rate of Synthesis of Albumin in Relation to Serum Levels of Essential Amino Acids in Patients with Bacterial Overgrowth in the Small Bowel

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