Urine excretion of androgen hormones in professional racing cyclists

Maynar, M.; Caballero, M. J.; P, Mena; Rodríguez, Consuelo; Cortés, Raquel; Maynar, J.I.

doi:10.1007/bf00376767

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Comparatively, few experimental studies have measured competition- or exercise-induced testosterone changes in urine, but at least one study of cyclists showed that urinary testosterone is increased as a function of competition (Maynar et al, 1994). Moving forward, athletes and testing authorities would each benefit from rigorous studies that examine variation in the T/E ratio in multiple bodily fluids (e.g., urine, serum, and saliva) as a function of pre- and post-competition changes in testosterone.…”

Section: Exogenous Testosterone and Aasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone and sport: Current perspectives

Wood

Stanton

2012

Hormones and Behavior

152

121

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Testosterone and other anabolic-androgenic steroids enhance athletic performance in men and women. As a result, exogenous androgen is banned from most competitive sports. However, due to variability in endogenous secretion, and similarities with exogenous testosterone, it has been challenging to establish allowable limits for testosterone in competition. Endogenous androgen production is dynamically regulated by both exercise and winning in competition. Furthermore, testosterone may promote athletic performance, not only through its long-term anabolic actions, but also through rapid effects on behavior. In women, excess production of endogenous testosterone due to inborn disorders of sexual development (DSD) may convey a competitive advantage. For many years, female competitors have been subject to tests of sexual genotype and phenotype known as gender verification. Although gender verification has not identified any normal man competing as a woman, this process has identified women athletes with DSD. As understanding of DSD has expanded in recent years, women with DSD are increasingly able to continue athletic competition.

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Section: Exogenous Testosterone and Aasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone and sport: Current perspectives

Wood

Stanton

2012

Hormones and Behavior

152

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The variations in the urinary concentration of androgens are in opposition to the changes in SHBG plasma levels [31]. On the other hand, our study shows that physical activity in itself can decrease the ratio of urinary excretions of testosterone and epitestosterone to about 25% (0.87 vs 0.66).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

SHBG, plasma, and urinary androgens in weight lifters after a strength training

et al. 2010

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Previous studies with different results have suggested that total and bioavailable testosterone levels are modified by physical exercise. Such changes may be related to modifications in cortisol levels and could be reflected in some urine androgens. To determine how weight lifting training may affect serum and urinary androgens, we measured total serum testosterone (T), cortisol, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and urinary testosterone, epitestosterone, androsterone, and etiocholanolone, in a group of 19 elite weight lifters after 20 weeks of training. SHBG increased (from 27.5 +/- 9.5 to 34.7 +/- 8.1 nM, p < 0.05) whereas T/SHBG decreased significantly (from 1.10 +/- 0.4 to 0.85 +/- 0.3, p < 0.05). Serum total testosterone and cortisol did not change significantly. In urine, androsterone and etiocholanolone decreased significantly, whereas testosterone and epitestosterone remained unchanged. Changes in T/SHBG were related positively with changes in urinary androgens (r = 0.680, p < 0.01), and changes in SHBG were negatively related with changes in urinary androgens (r = -0.578, p < 0.01). These results suggest that intense physical activity may have an influence on the elimination of androgenic hormones due mainly to changes in their transporting protein SHBG.

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“…The ratios T/Et and A/E tended to decrease. In men practicing endurance sports it was proved that androgens concentration decrease during training and increase during competition, however, the value of T/Et ratio remains unchangeable [13,14]. …”

Section: Instrument Gc/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

The alteration of the urinary steroid profile under the stress

Gronowska¹,

Kwiatkowska²,

Pokrywka³

et al. 2010

Biol Sport

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IntroductIonThere are several factors that could potentially alter the normal man steroid profile for example an age, sex and diet. From doping control view-point, for the adequate interpretation of the analytical results it is necessary to possess an ability of selecting adaptive changes in the body that response to physiological impulses having nothing in common with intended doping. Among the best recognized factors influencing quantitatively the androgenic profile are training loads forcing high physical activity, restricted energy intake and training specificity of a given sport discipline and interethnic variation [3,4,10,16].Although numerous studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of various stimuli, including pre-competition stress in competing athletes, on the behavior of endogenous blood androgens in humans, the effect of stress on urinary androgen excretion is still pure recognized. It should be noticed that under stress condition or following an exertion, the level of an androgen in urine does not always closely reflects that in blood because of strong effect of mentioned stimuli on renal function. For that reason the behavior proof urinary T/Et ratio being a proof of testosterone abuse by athletes may fluctuate AbstrAct: In the second part of twentieth century anabolic-androgenic steroids were introduced into doping practice and received continuously increasing significance. In order to prove the usage of doping substances, the determination of steroid profile in the urine came into practice. Several factors may be responsible for alterations in the normal steroid profile for example age, sex and diet. The aim of this study was to find out, whether the psychological stress may cause modifications in the steroid profile and T/Et ratio. The effect of physical activity was also considered. The steroid profile was determined in the group of 34 students being in non-stress conditions and under stress immediately before an important university exam. The intensity of stress was rated by self-reported questionnaire. The GC/MS method was applied to determine the steroid profile in the urine samples. The results of the experiment have shown that psychological stress may cause significant changes in the steroid profile, especially in females. Physical activity, independently of stress significantly modified the steroid profile. In summary, observed changes in steroid profile suggest, that major fluctuations of T/Et and A/E ratios under the influence of stressogenic factors and physical activity are unlikely.KEY wordS: doping, steroid profile, stress, physical activity dependently on external conditions. This problem is an important one, when anti-doping controls are carried out among competitors

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Urine excretion of androgen hormones in professional racing cyclists

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Testosterone and sport: Current perspectives

Testosterone and sport: Current perspectives

SHBG, plasma, and urinary androgens in weight lifters after a strength training

The alteration of the urinary steroid profile under the stress

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