Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Hodson, Elisabeth M; Craig, Jonathan C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27843-3_49-1

Cited by 6 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…[1][2][3] Pada bayi, gejala klinik ISK juga tidak spesifik dan dapat berupa demam, nafsu makan berkurang, cengeng, kolik, muntah, diare, ikterus, distensi abdomen, penurunan berat badan, dan gagal tumbuh. [1][2][3] Infeksi saluran kemih perlu dipertimbangkan pada semua bayi dan anak berumur 2 bulan hingga 2 tahun dengan demam yang tidak jelas penyebabnya. Infeksi saluran kemih pada kelompok umur ini terutama yang dengan demam tinggi harus dianggap sebagai pielonefritis.…”

Section: Manifestasi Klinisunclassified

“…Demam dapat merupakan satu-satunya gejala pielonefritis akut. [1][2][3] Gejala lain dapat berupa nyeri abdomen, nyeri pada sudut kostovertabrae seperti yang sering ditemukan pada anak besar dan remaja. Tekanan darah pada umumnya masih normal meski dapat juga ditemukan hipertensi.…”

Section: Pielonefritis Akutunclassified

“…Febrile UTI atau pielonefritis yang menyebabkan sepsis sering disebut sebagai urosepsis dan sering terjadi pada anak dengan kelainan saluran kemih seperti kelainan obstruktif atau refluks vesikoureter. [1][2][3] Pielonefritis akut dapat menyebabkan gangguan ginjal akut, dan dapat membutuhkan tata laksana dialisis, tetapi jarang. Bakteremia ditemukan pada 4-9% bayi dengan ISK.…”

Section: Pielonefritis Akutunclassified

“…Pada bayi <3 bulan, selain demam, gejala yang dapat ditemukan antara lain jaundis, failure to thrive, hipotensi, syok, diare, muntah, kesulitan makan, iritabel, sianosis, poliuria, dan asidosis metabolik. [1][2][3]…”

Section: Pielonefritis Akutunclassified

“…Infeksi saluran kemih dapat menyebabkan penurunan fungsi ginjal atau acute kidney injury dan urosepsis, dan dalam jangka panjang menyebabkan pembentukan jaringan parut ginjal, hipertensi, dan penyakit ginjal kronik stadium akhir. [1][2][3]…”

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Infeksi pada Ginjal dan Saluran Kemih Anak: Manifestasi Klinis dan Tata Laksana

Pardede

2018

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Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) disebabkan berbagai jenis mikroba seperti bakteri, virus, dan jamur. Penyebab ISK paling sering adalah bakteri Escherichia coli. Infeksi saluran kemih pada anak dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan lokasi infeksi, manifestasi klinis, ada tidaknya kelainan saluran kemih, dan kepentingan klinis. Manifestasi klinis ISK bervariasi, tergantung pada usia, tempat infeksi dalam saluran kemih, dan beratnya infeksi atau intensitas reaksi peradangan. Sebagian ISK pada anak merupakan ISK asimtomatik dan umumnya ditemukan pada anak usia sekolah, terutama anak perempuan dan ISK asimtomatik umumnya tidak berlanjut menjadi pielonefritis. Manifestasi klinis ISK pada anak dapat berupa pielonefritis akut atau febrile urinary tract infection, sistitis, sistitis hemorhagik, ISK asimtomatik. Tata laksana ISK terdiri atas eradikasi infeksi akut, deteksi dan tata laksana kelainan anatomi dan fungsional pada ginjal dan saluran kemih, deteksi dan mencegah infeksi berulang. Tujuan pemberian antimikroba adalah untuk mengatasi infeksi akut, mencegah urosepsis, dan mencegah atau mengurangi kerusakan ginjal.

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Section: Manifestasi Klinisunclassified

Section: Pielonefritis Akutunclassified

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Infeksi pada Ginjal dan Saluran Kemih Anak: Manifestasi Klinis dan Tata Laksana

Pardede

2018

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Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux by Ultrasonography and Renal Scan in Children

Arad¹,

Mahyar

Vandaie

et al. 2022

Global Pediatric Health

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Background. In recent studies, renal ultrasonography and dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) scan have a role in predicting vesicoureteral reflux in children with febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). Materials and Methods. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were defined for ultrasonography and DMSA scan to predict vesicoureteral reflux in 70 children with febrile UTI. Results. Renal ultrasonography sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR, and NLR for vesicourethral reflux prediction was 0.57, 0, 1, 0, 0.57, and 0.47 and sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR, and NLR of DMSA scan for predicting vesicourethral reflux was 0.75, 0.9, 0.33, 0.98, 7.5, and 0.27, respectively. Conclusions. Ultrasonography cannot predict the presence of VUR, but DMSA scan has a good sensitivity in this context. Therefore, by observation of DMSA scan results, it can be decided whether to perform VCUG or not.

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Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern among Children with Urinary Tract Infections in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Adhima

Wahyunitisari

Prasetyo

et al. 2022

IJTID

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections in pediatric patients characterized by the growth of bacteria in the urine in significant numbers. Antibiotics remain the primary treatment of UTI in children. However, there has been an increase in antibiotic resistance to uropathogens worldwide due to their inappropriate and extensive uses. There is considerable geographical variation in the distribution of bacteria and antibiotic resistance pattern. Thus, to prevent further resistance and provide empirical antibiotic options, this study aims to determine the profile of bacteria and antibiotics resistance pattern among UTI pediatric patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. This study was performed by collecting data from the urine culture logbook at the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo Hospital in July-October 2019. The sample was UTI patients aged one day – 18 years due to bacterial infection with a colony count of ≥100,000 CFU/ml. In this study, 131 patients showed significant bacterial growth dominated by males and ages one month – 2 years. UTI were caused by gram-negative bacteria (74%) and gram-positive bacteria (26%), with the most bacteria found in each group were Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. E. coli showed ≥70% resistance to ampicillin, cefazoline, piperacillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Comorbidities were dominated by hydronephrosis (10.98%), chronic kidney disease (9.79%) and hydrocephalus (8.09%). In conclusion, gram-negative bacteria were the leading cause of UTI in children with E. coli as the most common uropathogen, highly resistant to ampicillin and cefazolin. Gram-positive bacteria were less frequent with varied resistance patterns. Most common comorbidity was hydronephrosis.

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Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Cited by 6 publications

References 87 publications

Infeksi pada Ginjal dan Saluran Kemih Anak: Manifestasi Klinis dan Tata Laksana

Infeksi pada Ginjal dan Saluran Kemih Anak: Manifestasi Klinis dan Tata Laksana

Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux by Ultrasonography and Renal Scan in Children

Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern among Children with Urinary Tract Infections in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

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