Urinary tract infection in gynaecology and obstetrics

Gynecological Health and Probiotics

“…The infection of the lower tract (cystitis) is located in the bladder, whereas the infections of the upper tract (pyelonephritis) are located in the kidneys (te West and Moore, 2014). Generally, women have various symptoms such as suprapubic discomfort, dysuria, pyuria, frequent and painful micturition; however, some women are asymptomatic.…”

“…Generally, women have various symptoms such as suprapubic discomfort, dysuria, pyuria, frequent and painful micturition; however, some women are asymptomatic. The immediate diagnosis is performed with urine dipsticks evaluating nitrite, leucocyte esterase, and erythrocytes, but later a microbiological examination is accomplished to identify the uropathogen (te West and Moore, 2014). The immediate diagnosis is performed with urine dipsticks evaluating nitrite, leucocyte esterase, and erythrocytes, but later a microbiological examination is accomplished to identify the uropathogen (te West and Moore, 2014).…”

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy

“…6 The prevalence and causative organisms of bacteriuria are similar in pregnant and non-pregnant women, 7 with Escherichia coli representing 71-84% of isolates in pregnancy. 1,5,6,[8][9][10][11] Group B streptococcus (GBS) is found in up to 10% of cases of bacteriuria 7 and is significant due to its association with complications such as chorioamnionitis, intrapartum fever and early-onset neonatal GBS disease. 9 Physiological changes in pregnancy increase the potential for pathogenic colonisation of the urinary tract.…”

“…1,5,6,[8][9][10][11] Group B streptococcus (GBS) is found in up to 10% of cases of bacteriuria 7 and is significant due to its association with complications such as chorioamnionitis, intrapartum fever and early-onset neonatal GBS disease. 9 Physiological changes in pregnancy increase the potential for pathogenic colonisation of the urinary tract. 1,2,8,12 Untreated, ASB is found to be associated with acute pyelonephritis in up to 20-50% of women.…”

“…2 Women with ASB in pregnancy have been shown to be more likely to deliver preterm 7,10 and have low birthweight neonates. 9 International guidelines [13][14][15] recommend pregnant women be screened for ASB and UTI with mid-stream urine (MSU) in the first trimester. 8 Screening and targeted treatment of ASB in pregnancy reduces the risk of pyelonephritis, premature delivery and low birthweight, and is cost effective.…”