Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in Finland

Hu, Gang; Jousilahti, Pekka; Peltonen, Markku; Lindström, Jaana; Tuomilehto, Jaakko

doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1824-1

Cited by 101 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For the first time these data demonstrate a new, causative link between sodium intake and insulin resistance, without the presence of hypertension. HS intake increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, independently of hypertension or physical inactivity [35]. Other studies provide further evidence that HS intake leads to insulin resistance [1][2][3][4] without attendant hypertension [1,2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A vascular mechanism for high-sodium-induced insulin resistance in rats

et al. 2014

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Aims/hypothesis High sodium (HS) effects on hypertension are well established. Recent evidence implicates a relationship between HS intake and insulin resistance, even in the absence of hypertension. The aim of the current study was to determine whether loss of the vascular actions of insulin may be the driving factor linking HS intake to insulin resistance. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were fed a control (0.31% wt/wt NaCl) or HS (8.00% wt/wt NaCl) diet for 4 weeks and subjected to euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (10 mU min) or constant-flow pump-perfused hindlimb studies following an overnight fast. A separate group of HS rats was given quinapril during the dietary intervention and subjected to euglycaemichyperinsulinaemic clamp as above. Results HS intake had no effect on body weight or fat mass or on fasting glucose, insulin, endothelin-1 or NEFA concentrations. However, HS impaired whole body and skeletal muscle glucose uptake, in addition to a loss of insulin-stimulated microvascular recruitment. These effects were present despite enhanced insulin signalling (Akt) in both liver and skeletal muscle. Constant-flow pump-perfused hindlimb experiments revealed normal insulin-stimulated myocyte glucose uptake in HS-fed rats. Quinapril treatment restored insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment and muscle glucose uptake in vivo.Conclusions/interpretation HS-induced insulin resistance is driven by impaired microvascular responsiveness to insulin, and is not due to metabolic or signalling defects within myocytes or liver. These results imply that reducing sodium intake may be important not only for management of hypertension but also for insulin resistance, and highlight the vasculature as a potential therapeutic target in the prevention of insulin resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A vascular mechanism for high-sodium-induced insulin resistance in rats

et al. 2014

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“…Thus, rather than having underestimated the absolute number of diabetic cases in this cohort, we might have had a delayed date of diagnosis for some cases. Finally, we cannot completely exclude either the effects of residual confounding owing to measurement error in the assessment of confounding factors, or some unmeasured factors including coffee additives (sugar and/or milk) and several dietary factors (such as intake of whole grain, intake of fiber, magnesium, calcium, sodium, saturated and polyunsaturated fat, glycaemic load of the diet and total energy intake) (Steyn et al, 2004;Hu et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffee consumption, serum γ-glutamyltransferase and risk of type II diabetes

Bidel

Silventoinen

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objectives: To study the joint association of coffee consumption and serum g-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels on the risk of developing type II diabetes. Design, setting and subjects: A total of 21 826 Finnish men and women who were 35-74 years of age and without any history of diabetes at baseline (years 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997) were included in the present analyses. They were prospectively followed up for onset of type II diabetes (n ¼ 862 cases), death or until the end of the year 2002. Coffee consumption, serum GGT and other study parameters were determined at baseline using standardized measurements. Analyses were stratified by the serum GGT level classified into two classes using the 75th sex-specific percentiles as the cut point. Results: Coffee consumption was significantly and inversely associated with incident diabetes among both men and women. Serum GGT modified the association between coffee consumption and incident diabetes. Subjects in the high category of coffee consumption with the GGT level X75th percentile showed a significant inverse association for women, and for both sexes combined. The association was not significant in subjects with the GGT level p75th percentile. There was a significant interaction effect of GGT and coffee consumption on risk of type II diabetes in data of women (P ¼ 0.05) and in both sexes combined (P ¼ 0.02). Conclusions: Habitual coffee consumption is associated with lower incidence of type II diabetes particularly in those with higher baseline serum GGT levels.

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“…, CVD (3,4) , stomach cancer (5)(6)(7) and type 2 diabetes (8) . In addition to the traditionally recognised health effects of high Na intake, obesity has recently gained much interest as another possible related health outcome (5) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship of sodium intake with obesity among Korean children and adolescents: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Lee

Kim

2016

Br J Nutr

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We investigated whether dietary and urinary Na is associated with adiposity in Korean children and adolescents (10-18 years), a population with a high salt intake. Study subjects were Korean children and adolescents who participated in the cross-sectional nationally representative Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010Survey ( -2011. This study used measures of dietary (24-h dietary recall) and urinary Na (Na:creatinine ratio) and three methods to determine obesity (BMI, waist circumference (WC) and total body per cent fat (TBPF)). Higher Na intake was significantly associated with obesity, adjusting for the covariates. Subjects in the highest tertile of urinary Na excretion had a significantly higher OR for higher adiposity compared with those in the lowest tertile (multivariate-adjusted OR 3·13 (95 % CI 1·81, 5·50) for BMI, 2·15 (95 % CI 1·27, 3·66) for WC and 1·92 (95 % CI 1·29, 2·86) for TBPF, respectively). Na intake estimated by the 24-h recall method also showed significant association with adiposity (multivariate-adjusted OR 2·79 (95 % CI 1·66, 4·68) for BMI and 2·14 (95 % CI 1·25, 3·67) for WC, respectively). The significant associations between Na and adiposity remained significant after additionally adjusting for sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Our results revealed a significant positive association between urinary and dietary Na and adiposity in Korean children and adolescents, independent of SSB consumption.

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Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in Finland

Cited by 101 publications

References 46 publications

A vascular mechanism for high-sodium-induced insulin resistance in rats

A vascular mechanism for high-sodium-induced insulin resistance in rats

Coffee consumption, serum γ-glutamyltransferase and risk of type II diabetes

Relationship of sodium intake with obesity among Korean children and adolescents: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

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