Coffee consumption, serum γ-glutamyltransferase and risk of type II diabetes

Abstract

Objectives: To study the joint association of coffee consumption and serum g-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels on the risk of developing type II diabetes. Design, setting and subjects: A total of 21 826 Finnish men and women who were 35-74 years of age and without any history of diabetes at baseline (years 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997) were included in the present analyses. They were prospectively followed up for onset of type II diabetes (n ¼ 862 cases), death or until the end of the year 2002. Coffee consumption, serum GGT and other study parameters were determined at baseline using standardized measurements. Analyses were stratified by the serum GGT level classified into two classes using the 75th sex-specific percentiles as the cut point. Results: Coffee consumption was significantly and inversely associated with incident diabetes among both men and women. Serum GGT modified the association between coffee consumption and incident diabetes. Subjects in the high category of coffee consumption with the GGT level X75th percentile showed a significant inverse association for women, and for both sexes combined. The association was not significant in subjects with the GGT level p75th percentile. There was a significant interaction effect of GGT and coffee consumption on risk of type II diabetes in data of women (P ¼ 0.05) and in both sexes combined (P ¼ 0.02). Conclusions: Habitual coffee consumption is associated with lower incidence of type II diabetes particularly in those with higher baseline serum GGT levels.

Coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes — An extensive review

“…Thus, increased GGT levels may play a role in initiating development of type 2 diabetes; the increasing frequency of the disease in people with high GGT levels may be expected as reported earlier [70]. However in this study we found fewer cases of incident diabetes among habitual coffee consumers with high normal GGT levels which may indicate a stronger protective effect of coffee in these levels [69]. In conclusion the potentially preventable nature of type 2 diabetes has been evidenced by the implementation of lifestyle measures such as weight control and exercise.…”

“…However in a recent study we evaluated the joint association between both coffee consumption and serum GGT levels and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes [69]. We found that the results were influenced by baseline GGT levels.…”

Coffee consumption is not related to the metabolic syndrome at the age of 36 years: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study

“…Two reviews of cohort studies reported inverse associations between coffee consumption and the risk of DM (van Dam and Hu, 2005;Greenberg et al, 2006). Furthermore, it has been shown that coffee consumption was inversely associated with several glycaemic markers and diabetes (Bidel et al, , 2007. Despite the favourable effects of coffee on DM, the exact mechanism involved with the decreased risk of DM remains unclear (van Dam and Hu, 2005).…”

The Paradox of Caffeine-Zolpidem Interaction: A Network Analysis

“…The ability of dietary caffeine to tip an oxidative stress component in the antioxidant direction would certainly launch its 'second life,' beyond that maintained by its reputation as a legitimate nootropic, euphemistically hailed as an 'ergogenic aid' [95,96]. Its ingestion is expected to be further spurred by reports that it contributes to reduced mortality in the elderly [97] and lowers incidence of type II diabetes [73,98,99]. Its particular benefit might be expected when the oxidative balance is hobbled by aging, or when using antioxidants is desirable in the presence of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative or inflammatory disorders.…”