Urinary iodine concentration and thyroid hormones: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2015

Kim, Hye In; Oh, Hye−Keun; Park, So Young; Jang, Hye Won; Shin, Myung-Hee; Kim, Sun Wook; Kim, Tae Hyuk; Chung, Jae Hoon

doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1587-8

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This study demonstrated that the median UIC varied with age but not with geographic location. A recent study with subjects aged 20 years and older also reported that the median UIC decreased according to age, supporting our data . We also found that the median adjusted UIC varied by age and geographic location although we did not find various regularities between UIC and adjusted UIC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Several studies reported the relationship between UIC and thyroid functions . A Korean study reported that the serum TSH and FT4 levels showed statistically significant as UIC . The prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and positive thyroid antibodies, assessed with UIC, was significantly higher in individuals with more than adequate iodine intake, than in individuals with adequate iodine intake .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have focused on the evaluation of iodine status and its association with thyroid disease using UIC. These studies reported that the iodine status in China was sufficient or adequate and that excessive iodine intake led to increased prevalence of thyroid disease . However, there is a lack of studies investigating iodine status in apparently healthy volunteers with normal thyroid ultrasonography tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iodine status of euthyroid adults: A cross‐sectional, multicenter study

Wang

Yin

et al. 2019

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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BackgroundIodine, an essential nutrient, is the most important trace element in thyroid hormone synthesis and maintenance of thyroid function. This study investigated the iodine nutrition status in healthy Chinese adults and assessed the relationship between urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid hormone levels.MethodsA cross‐sectional, multicenter study was conducted between October 2017 and January 2018, with 1017 adults recruited from five cities in China. All subjects underwent thyroid ultrasonography, and only those with normal results were included in the study. UICs were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and adjusted using urine creatinine levels. Thyroid hormone levels were measured using an automated immunoassay analyzer.ResultsThe median UIC and adjusted UIC were 134.0 µg/L and 114.2 µg/g, respectively. UIC was not significantly different between males and females (P = 0.737). However, the adjusted UIC was significantly different between sexes (P < 0.001). The median UIC was higher than 100 µg/L. According to the World Health Organization criterion (100 µg/L), the total prevalence of iodine deficiency is 33.1% (n = 271). The prevalence rates of iodine deficiency in our study were 33.2% and 32.9% in males and females, respectively, and had no difference between sexes and among cities (P > 0.05). Serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increased when UIC increased. The Kruskal‐Wallis test showed no significant differences in free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and TSH, with different levels of UIC (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsChinese adults with normal thyroid structure have relatively sufficient iodine levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iodine status of euthyroid adults: A cross‐sectional, multicenter study

Wang

Yin

et al. 2019

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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“…Difficulties with food eaten outside of the home were also reported by people in Brazil [20]. Experiences may be different in the UK, since the typical Korean diet is very high in iodine [21] and in Brazil salt is iodised [20]. However, there was anecdotal evidence that people in the UK had found LID advice confusing and difficult to follow before the UK LID-WG released the standardised diet sheet [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of UK Centres on Low Iodine Diet Recommendations prior to Radioiodine Ablation Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

England¹,

Moss²,

Beasley³

et al. 2019

Eur Thyroid J

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Background: Guidelines suggest that a low iodine diet (LID) is advised prior to radioiodine ablation (RIA) for thyroid cancer. We aim to describe current practice regarding LID advice in the UK, determine uptake of the 2016 UK LID Working Group diet sheet and discover whether there are differences in practice. Methods: We used an online survey distributed between November 2018 and April 2019 to centres in the UK that administer 131 I. We asked questions on whether a LID is advised, for how long, how advice is presented, whether and how compliance is measured and whether treatment is delayed if LID advice is not followed. Results: Fifty-six clinicians from 47 centres that carry out RIA for thyroid cancer responded. Forty-four centres (94%) advise a LID prior to RIA, the majority for 14 days (82%). Two-thirds of the centres use the UK LID Working Group diet sheet. Patients are told to resume normal eating when 131 I is administered at 17 centres (39%), with 18 (41%) advising waiting for 24-48 h after ad-ministration. Most centres (95%) use only a simple question or do not assess compliance. Only 2 (5%) indicate that RIA would be delayed if someone said they had not followed LID advice. Conclusions: UK practice regarding LID prior to RIA for thyroid cancer is consistent with current guidelines, but non-adherence does not usually delay RIA. The UK Low Iodine Diet Working Group diet sheet is widely recognised and used. Practice could be improved by centres working to harmonise advice on when to restart a normal diet.

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“…These items are generally based on existing baccalaureate curricula, on the learning objectives of major subjects for nursing, and on specifications outlined for the Korean Nursing Licensing Examination [1,2,3,4]. However, there is a need to transition from items that not only test rote learning skills and understanding of curricula to those that also test problem-solving skills using real-life clinical case studies and a nurse’s ability to interpret and apply the knowledge needed to perform the nursing role [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Item development process and analysis of 50 case-based items for implementation on the Korean Nursing Licensing Examination

Park¹,

Suh

Park

et al. 2017

J Educ Eval Health Prof

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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to improve the quality of items on the Korean Nursing Licensing Examination by developing and evaluating case-based items that reflect integrated nursing knowledge.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional observational study to develop new case-based items. The methods for developing test items included expert workshops, brainstorming, and verification of content validity. After a mock examination of undergraduate nursing students using the newly developed case-based items, we evaluated the appropriateness of the items through classical test theory and item response theory.ResultsA total of 50 case-based items were developed for the mock examination, and content validity was evaluated. The question items integrated 34 discrete elements of integrated nursing knowledge. The mock examination was taken by 741 baccalaureate students in their fourth year of study at 13 universities. Their average score on the mock examination was 57.4, and the examination showed a reliability of 0.40. According to classical test theory, the average level of item difficulty of the items was 57.4% (80%–100% for 12 items; 60%–80% for 13 items; and less than 60% for 25 items). The mean discrimination index was 0.19, and was above 0.30 for 11 items and 0.20 to 0.29 for 15 items. According to item response theory, the item discrimination parameter (in the logistic model) was none for 10 items (0.00), very low for 20 items (0.01 to 0.34), low for 12 items (0.35 to 0.64), moderate for 6 items (0.65 to 1.34), high for 1 item (1.35 to 1.69), and very high for 1 item (above 1.70). The item difficulty was very easy for 24 items (below −2.0), easy for 8 items (−2.0 to −0.5), medium for 6 items (−0.5 to 0.5), hard for 3 items (0.5 to 2.0), and very hard for 9 items (2.0 or above). The goodness-of-fit test in terms of the 2-parameter item response model between the range of 2.0 to 0.5 revealed that 12 items had an ideal correct answer rate.ConclusionWe surmised that the low reliability of the mock examination was influenced by the timing of the test for the examinees and the inappropriate difficulty of the items. Our study suggested a methodology for the development of future case-based items for the Korean Nursing Licensing Examination.

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Urinary iodine concentration and thyroid hormones: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2015

Abstract: This first nationwide study in Korea demonstrated that the median of UIC and estimated iodine intake lie at nearly 300 µg/L and 250 µg/day, respectively, which shows an overall excellent iodine nutrition.

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

Iodine status of euthyroid adults: A cross‐sectional, multicenter study

Iodine status of euthyroid adults: A cross‐sectional, multicenter study

A Survey of UK Centres on Low Iodine Diet Recommendations prior to Radioiodine Ablation Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Item development process and analysis of 50 case-based items for implementation on the Korean Nursing Licensing Examination

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