Urinary Incontinence in Alzheimer’s Disease

Lee, Hsiang Ying; Li, Ching Chia; Juan, Yung Shun; Chang, Yu Han; Yeh, Hsin Chih; Tsai, Chia Chun; Chueh, Kuang Shun; Wu, Wen‐Jeng; Yang, Yuan Han

doi:10.1177/1533317516680900

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The latter also found, similar to our findings, that osteoporosis appears to be associated with Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, Lee et al [43], Swords et al [44], and Rouch et al [45] reported the association of AD with urinary incontinence, hearing loss, and personality disorders. The fact that the AD group consists of more women (69%) than the control group (53%) may explain the higher incidence of osteoarthritis for the AD group [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of Comorbidities in Individuals Diagnosed and Undiagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease in León, Spain and a Proposal for Contingency Procedures to Follow in the Case of Emergencies Involving People with Alzheimer’s Disease

Tortajada-Soler

Sánchez-Valdeón

Blanco-Nistal

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which is the most common type of dementia is characterized by mental or cognitive disorders. People suffering with this condition find it inherently difficult to communicate and describe symptoms. As a consequence, both detection and treatment of comorbidities associated with Alzheimer’s disease are substantially impaired. Equally, action protocols in the case of emergencies must be clearly formulated and stated. Methods: We performed a bibliography search followed by an observational and cross-sectional study involving a thorough review of medical records. A group of AD patients was compared with a control group. Each group consisted of 100 people and were all León residents aged ≥65 years. Results: The following comorbidities were found to be associated with AD: cataracts, urinary incontinence, osteoarthritis, hearing loss, osteoporosis, and personality disorders. The most frequent comorbidities in the control group were the following: eye strain, stroke, vertigo, as well as circulatory and respiratory disorders. Comorbidities with a similar incidence in both groups included type 2 diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, depression, obesity, arthritis, and anxiety. We also reviewed emergency procedures employed in the case of an emergency involving an AD patient. Conclusions: Some comorbidities were present in both the AD and control groups, while others were found in the AD group and not in the control group, and vice versa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of Comorbidities in Individuals Diagnosed and Undiagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease in León, Spain and a Proposal for Contingency Procedures to Follow in the Case of Emergencies Involving People with Alzheimer’s Disease

Tortajada-Soler

Sánchez-Valdeón

Blanco-Nistal

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…As AD progresses, patients decline in both cognitive and physical abilities such as memory loss, changes in personality, confusion, and inability to complete daily tasks such as toileting (Jung et al, 2017). These progressing impairments caused by AD can lead to an increasing risk of UI as it is difficult to identify when or where to void and patients' ability to access the toilet becomes difficult (Lee et al, 2017). It is challenging to accurately assess UI in patients with cognitive and physical deterioration.…”

Section: Behavioral Effects Of Alzheimer's Disease On Urinary Incontinencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that there are 35 million people living with dementia globally and by the year 2030, that number is predicted to double (Lee et al, 2017). Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for more than 80% of elderly dementia patients (Jung et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of patients in nursing homes on Medicare, 64% of them have AD or related dementia (Gaugler et al, 2014). UI has been found to be more common in patients with dementia than those normal cognitive function (Lee et al, 2017); 83% of nursing home residents with UI have dementia compared to 58% of residents with normal bladder function (Ouslander et al, 1990). Additionally, it is expected that UI is underreported in the AD population due to forgetfulness, embarrassment, or denial of the condition (Skelly and Flint, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urinary Incontinence and Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights From Patients and Preclinical Models

Bartolone

Sharma

Chancellor

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Alzheimer’s disease effects a large percentage of elderly dementia patients and is diagnosed on the basis of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) present in the brain. Urinary incontinence (UI) is often found in the elderly populations and multiple studies have shown that it is more common in Alzheimer’s disease patients than those with normal cognitive function. However, the link between increased UI and Alzheimer’s disease is still unclear. Amyloid plaques and NFTs present in micturition centers of the brain could cause a loss of signal to the bladder, resulting in the inability to properly void. Additionally, as Alzheimer’s disease progresses, patients become less likely to recognize the need or understand the appropriate time and place to void. There are several treatments for UI targeting the muscarinic and β3 adrenergic receptors, which are present in the bladder and the brain. While these treatments may aid in UI, they often have effects on the brain with cognitive impairment side-effects. Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors are often used in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and directly oppose effects of anti-muscarinics used for UI, making UI management in Alzheimer’s disease patients difficult. There are currently over 200 pre-clinical models of Alzheimer’s disease, however, little research has been done on voiding disfunction in these models. There is preliminary data suggesting these models have similar voiding behavior to Alzheimer’s disease patients but much more research is needed to understand the link between UI and Alzheimer’s disease and discover better treatment options for managing both simultaneously.

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“…However, the urinary tract deserves mention. New culture techniques have identified diverse microbial communities in healthy urinary tracts , and urinary dysfunction is a prominent feature of PD, AD and MS . As with other systemic infections, urinary tract infection is a key driver of delirium and cognitive decline in the elderly with PD and AD , and is a trigger for MS relapse .…”

Section: Other Microbiomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Review: From nose to gut – the role of the microbiome in neurological disease

Bell

Spencer

Yates

et al. 2018

Neuropathology Appl Neurobio

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Inflammation and neurodegeneration are key features of many chronic neurological diseases, yet the causative mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood. There has been mounting interest in the role of the human microbiome in modulating the inflammatory milieu of the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease. To date, most research has focussed on a gut‐brain axis, with other mucosal surfaces being relatively neglected. We herein take the novel approach of comprehensively reviewing the roles of the microbiome across several key mucosal interfaces – the nose, mouth, lung and gut – in health and in Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). This review systematically appraises the anatomical and microbiological landscape of each mucosal surface in health and disease before considering relevant mechanisms that may influence the initiation and progression of PD, AD and MS. The cumulative effects of dysbiosis from the nose to the gut may contribute significantly to neurological disease through a wide variety of mechanisms, including direct translocation of bacteria and their products, and modulation of systemic or CNS‐specific immunity. This remains an understudied and exciting area for future research and may lead to the development of therapeutic targets for chronic neurological disease.

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Urinary Incontinence in Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract: The present results suggest that the risk of UI is higher in patients with AD than in the general population.

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence of Comorbidities in Individuals Diagnosed and Undiagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease in León, Spain and a Proposal for Contingency Procedures to Follow in the Case of Emergencies Involving People with Alzheimer’s Disease

Prevalence of Comorbidities in Individuals Diagnosed and Undiagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease in León, Spain and a Proposal for Contingency Procedures to Follow in the Case of Emergencies Involving People with Alzheimer’s Disease

Urinary Incontinence and Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights From Patients and Preclinical Models

Invited Review: From nose to gut – the role of the microbiome in neurological disease

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