Urinary Free Cortisol Is Similar in Older and Younger Women

Carvalhaes-Neto, Nelson; Ramos, Luiz Roberto; Vieira, José Gilberto H.; Kater, Cláudio E.

doi:10.1080/03610730252800175

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our finding of opposing effects of age on ACTH-cortisol efficacy in men and women explain the absence of an overall effect of age when data from both sexes are considered together. The present outcomes supported by some (12,32,46,53,62,81), but not other (18,48,55,70), indirect analyses. Contradictory earlier data may reflect in part the influence of stressor type on sex differences (71); small numbers of subjects studied (40,59,77,78); morning vs. late-day sampling (72); and possible effects of ethnicity (14,80).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Sex defines the age dependence of endogenous ACTH-cortisol dose responsiveness

Keenan

Roelfsema

Carroll

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Whether similar sex differences operate in humans is unknown. To test this notion, we estimated ACTH-cortisol dose-response properties analytically in 48 healthy adults (n ϭ 22 women, n ϭ 26 men), ages 18 -77 yr, body mass index (BMI) 18 -32 kg/m 2 , previously studied at two medical centers. Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were measured every 10 min for 24 h. The 145 sample pairs were used in each subject to estimate ACTH-cortisol drive via a logistic function. Statistical analyses revealed that 24-h cortisol secretion (Ͼ82% pulsatile) fell in men (r ϭ Ϫ0.38, P ϭ 0.028) and rose in women (r ϭ ϩ0.37, P ϭ 0.045) with age (P ϭ 0.01 sex effect). The mechanisms involved decreased ACTH efficacy with age in men (r ϭ Ϫ0.35, P ϭ 0.04), and increased ACTH efficacy with age in women (r ϭ ϩ0.42, P ϭ 0.025) [P ϭ 0.009 sex effect]. ACTH potency diminished with higher BMI in men (r ϭ ϩ0.38, P ϭ 0.029) and in the cohort as a whole (r ϭ 0.34, P ϭ 0.0085). These outcomes demonstrate that sex, age, and BMI modulate selective properties of endogenous ACTHcortisol drive in humans, thereby indicating the need to control these three major variables in experimental comparisons. adrenal; aging; sex; men; women; secretion IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS, ESTROGENS sensitize and androgens mute corticotropic-axis responses to stress (15,21,60,75). Data in the human are indirect and controversial. For example, in one study in eight hypogonadal men, cortisol production rates were normal (77), whereas in another study, leuprolideinduced gonadoprivation unmasked greater ACTH and cortisol responses to corticotropin-releasing hormones (CRH) in young and middle-aged men than premenopausal women (59). Analyses of young hypogonadal adults further suggest that serotoninergic agonists and psychosocial stress stimulate greater corticotropic-adrenal responses in young men than young women (49, 61). On the other hand, cortisol concentrations are reportedly higher in women than men during early sleep, dexamethasone suppression, interleukin-6 infusion, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) injection, CRH stimulation, physostigmine administration, and psychosocial stress (8,43,48,64,78).In some investigations, age appears to augment ACTH and cortisol release in both sexes after selected stressors (8,26,30,43,48). Nonetheless, other studies have reported no age or sex effects (19,29,32,46,48,53). Certain of these discrepancies could be due to ethnicity differences (14, 80), time-of-day effects (72), measurement of cortisol in plasma, saliva, or urine (41, 43, 58), nature of stressor (54, 71), basal vs. stressed states (2, 81), concurrent obesity (1,23,33,67,68,70), estrogen use (46), stage of menstrual cycle (40), dietary carbohydrate intake (65), and potential sex-by-age interactions (78). The last consideration has been assessed in untreated children (28) and in adults following sequential dexamethasone/CRH exposure (30).To date, no clinical studies have appraised the individual and interactive effects of sex and age on adrenal responses to endogenous ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Sex defines the age dependence of endogenous ACTH-cortisol dose responsiveness

Keenan

Roelfsema

Carroll

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…A recent paper reported that both cortisol production and plasma free cortisol is increased in elderly compared to younger adults [101], However no corresponding increases, but essentially constant 24-h UFF excretion rates have been observed with normal aging in 3 other studies [103][104][105]. Since both UFF and blood free cortisol are thought to reflect the bioavailable fraction of cortisol, rather parallel changes in UFF and circulating free cortisol would have been expected in the elderly.…”

Section: F Urinary Free Cortisol and Non-invasive Assessment Of Funcmentioning

confidence: 81%

Glucocorticoid Measurements in Health and Disease - Metabolic Implications and the Potential of 24-h Urine Analyses

Remer¹,

Maser-Gluth²,

Wudy³

2008

MRMC

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For examination of glucocorticoid metabolism and identification of hyper and hypocortisolism, various measurements and diagnostic tools are available. After a brief overview of the physiology of glucocorticoid secretion and glucocorticoid actions, the currently used measurements for blood, saliva, and urine samples and the corresponding physiological and metabolic implications are critically reviewed. A special emphasis is placed on the potential of 24-h urine analyses to assess not only glucocorticoid secretion, but also functional glucocorticoid activity.

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Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal (HPA) Axis and Aging

Gupta

Morley

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

117

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Human aging is associated with increasing frailty and morbidity which can result in significant disability. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may contribute to aging-related diseases like depression, cognitive deficits, and Alzheimer's disease in some older individuals. In addition to neuro-cognitive dysfunction, it has also been associated with declining physical performance possibly due to sarcopenia. This article reviews the pathophysiology of HPA dysfunction with respect to increased basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol secretion, decreased glucocorticoid (GC) negative feedback at the level of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, hippocampus (HC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and flattening of diurnal pattern of cortisol release. It is possible that the increased cortisol secretion is secondary to peripheral conversion from cortisone. There is a decline in pregnolone secretion and C-19 steroids (DHEA) with aging. There is a small decrease in aldosterone with aging, but a subset of the older population have a genetic predisposition to develop hyperaldosteronism due to the increased ACTH stimulation. The understanding of the HPA axis and aging remains a complex area with conflicting studies leading to controversial interpretations.

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Urinary Free Cortisol Is Similar in Older and Younger Women

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Sex defines the age dependence of endogenous ACTH-cortisol dose responsiveness

Sex defines the age dependence of endogenous ACTH-cortisol dose responsiveness

Glucocorticoid Measurements in Health and Disease - Metabolic Implications and the Potential of 24-h Urine Analyses

Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal (HPA) Axis and Aging

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