Urinary Fibrin/Fibrinogen Degradation Products in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

Abstract

Urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) were measured in 210 specimens from 174 patients with newly or previously diagnosed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. They were detected in 94% of patients with deeply invasive bladder tumours (pT2-4) compared with 17% of superficial tumours. Microalbuminuria (greater than 50 micrograms/g creatinine) was also found in 80% of patients with pT2-4 lesions. Both were compared with urine cytology. Urinary FDPs are markers of bladder tumour invasion. Our results suggest that urinary FDPs are not of value in screening for the presence of bladder neoplasia but their role may be in following patients with superficial bladder tumours to detect those tumours which become invasive. The mode of excretion of the FDPs in the urine is discussed.

Alcoholic Carbowax Prefixation and Formal Alcohol Fixation

“…The sensitivity and cytohistologic correlation of grade 1 tumor is very low (20%), though those of grades 2 and 3 are reasonably good (60-90%). 11,12,26,30,35 Part of the reason may be the fact that cells from low grade tumors are usually bland looking and may not exfoliate as much as high grade tumors. However, the low cellular recovery rate of urinary specimens by the conventional method may contribute significantly to the unsatis- …”

Evaluation of Current Status of Urine and Serum Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Follow-up of Bladder Cancer: Review

“…FDP circulates and is also found in urine in patients with bladder cancer. Urine FDP can be measured by latex agglutination test, monoclonal antibody-based ELISA and monoclonal antibody immunassay methods (49,50,51,52,53). The ACCU-DX test is a qualitative test using murine monoclonal antibodies specific for FDP.…”

Proteomic strategies in bladder cancer: From tissue to fluid and back

“…In general, the urinary FG/FDP-based tests are simple, rapid, and inexpensive, features that make their use suitable in a clinical setting. However, the sensitivity and specificity of various FG/FDP-based tests reported so far differ widely in different studies ranging from 27% to 100% and from 66% to 86% for sensitivity and specificity, respectively [118,119,[125][126][127][128]. Furthermore, as with other urine-based biochemical tests, the ability of the FG/FDP-based tests to detect early-stage and low-grade tumors has not been properly established.…”