Urinary Extracellular Vesicles: Uncovering the Basis of the Pathological Processes in Kidney-Related Diseases

Cricrì, Giulia; Bellucci, Linda; Montini, Giovanni; Collino, Federica

doi:10.3390/ijms22126507

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Which could quickly and selectively filter the biological by-products from the blood. Thus, urine represents a potential source for biomarkers in ischemic stroke (Kwong et al, 2013 ; Loynachan et al, 2019 ; Cricri et al, 2021 ). Thrombin is a serine protease and regulator of hemostasis that is centrally involved in the final step of the coagulation cascade and plays a critical role in the formation of obstructive blood clots, or thrombosis (Atanelishvili et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Nanomaterials-based Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Diagnosis, Treatments, and Neurorestoration in Ischemic Stroke

Lin

Tang

2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Stroke is a major public health issue, corresponding to the second cause of mortality and the first cause of severe disability. Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, accounting for 87% of all strokes, where early detection and clinical intervention are well known to decrease its morbidity and mortality. However, the diagnosis of ischemic stroke has been limited to the late stages, and its therapeutic window is too narrow to provide rational and effective treatment. In addition, clinical thrombolytics suffer from a short half-life, inactivation, allergic reactions, and non-specific tissue targeting. Another problem is the limited ability of current neuroprotective agents to promote recovery of the ischemic brain tissue after stroke, which contributes to the progressive and irreversible nature of ischemic stroke and also the severity of the outcome. Fortunately, because of biomaterials’ inherent biochemical and biophysical properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, nontoxicity, long blood circulation time, and targeting ability. Utilization of them has been pursued as an innovative and promising strategy to tackle these challenges. In this review, special emphasis will be placed on the recent advances in the study of nanomaterials for the diagnosis and therapy of ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, nanomaterials provide much promise for neural tissue salvage and regeneration in brain ischemia, which is also highlighted.

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Section: Nanomaterials-based Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Diagnosis, Treatments, and Neurorestoration in Ischemic Stroke

Lin

Tang

2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…After a systemic injury, EVs from proximal RTEC can mediate interaction with infiltrating macrophages and fibroblasts within the interstitial compartment, promoting inflammation and evolution toward interstitial fibrosis. This mechanism may contribute to AKI-CKD transition [ 74 ].…”

Section: Sepsis-associated Acute Kidney Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Sepsis-Associated Kidney and Lung Injury

et al. 2022

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Extracellular vesicles form a complex intercellular communication network, shuttling a variety of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, including regulatory RNAs, such as microRNAs. Transfer of these molecules to target cells allows for the modulation of sets of genes and mediates multiple paracrine and endocrine actions. EVs exert broad pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, and pro-apoptotic effects in sepsis, mediating microvascular dysfunction and multiple organ damage. This deleterious role is well documented in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. On the other hand, protective effects of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been reported in experimental models of sepsis. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles recapitulate beneficial cytoprotective, regenerative, and immunomodulatory properties of parental cells and have shown therapeutic effects in experimental models of sepsis with kidney and lung involvement. Extracellular vesicles are also likely to play a role in deranged kidney-lung crosstalk, a hallmark of sepsis, and may be key to a better understanding of shared mechanisms underlying multiple organ dysfunction. In this review, we analyze the state-of-the-art knowledge on the dual role of EVs in sepsis-associated kidney/lung injury and repair. PubMed library was searched from inception to July 2022, using a combination of medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords related to EVs, sepsis, acute kidney injury (AKI), acute lung injury (ALI), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Key findings are summarized into two sections on detrimental and beneficial mechanisms of actions of EVs in kidney and lung injury, respectively. The role of EVs in kidney-lung crosstalk is then outlined. Efforts to expand knowledge on EVs may pave the way to employ them as prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets to prevent or reduce organ damage in sepsis.

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“…Studies with EVs isolated from urine may be particularly informative. [30][31][32] Urinary EVs are derived from the epithelial cells of the kidney and bladder. Two recent papers 33,34 may offer deeper clues about the EV disposal hypothesis.…”

Section: The Ev Cargo Packaging and The Disposal Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Reader be warned, vesicles cataloged in this resource were isolated by many different techniques making comparisons imprecise). Studies with EVs isolated from urine may be particularly informative 30‐32 . Urinary EVs are derived from the epithelial cells of the kidney and bladder.…”

Section: The Ev Cargo Packaging and The Disposal Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The microenvironment—a general hypothesis on the homeostatic function of extracellular vesicles

2022

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes and microvesicles, is a burgeoning field of biological and biomedical research that may change our understanding of cell communication in plants and animals while holding great promise for the diagnosis of disease and the development of therapeutics. However, the challenge remains to develop a general hypothesis about the role of EVs in physiological homeostasis and pathobiology across kingdoms. While they can act systemically, EVs are often seen to operate locally within a microenvironment. This microenvironment is built as a collection of microunits comprised of cells that interact with each other via EV exchange, EV signaling, EV seeding, and EV disposal. We propose that microunits are part of a larger matrix at the tissue level that collectively communicates with the surrounding environment, including other end‐organ systems. Herein, we offer a working model that encompasses the various facets of EV function in the context of the cell biology and physiology of multicellular organisms.

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Urinary Extracellular Vesicles: Uncovering the Basis of the Pathological Processes in Kidney-Related Diseases

Cited by 24 publications

References 137 publications

Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Diagnosis, Treatments, and Neurorestoration in Ischemic Stroke

Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Diagnosis, Treatments, and Neurorestoration in Ischemic Stroke

Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Sepsis-Associated Kidney and Lung Injury

The microenvironment—a general hypothesis on the homeostatic function of extracellular vesicles

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