Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans in urological disease

Baggio, Bruno; Gambaro, Giovanni; Cicerello, E.; Mastrosimone, Stefania; Marzaro, Giovanni; Borsatti, A.; Pagano, Francesco

doi:10.1016/0009-9120(87)90013-0

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The mean spot GAG concentrations and GCR values in the 10 dogs completing the 24-hr urine collections were of similar magnitude to values reported in normal and abnormal humans using various methods of GAG measurement. 3,9,10,18,19,65,66 These findings support that the assay accurately measured free sulfated urinary GAGs in urine of normal dogs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Bacterial growth was considered as a source of GAG production. However, this seems unlikely since bacterial urinary tract infection does not affect GAG concentrations in humans and bacteria would not be expected to grow at 4 ο C. 66 The effect of storage times and temperatures on urinary GAGs has not been reported, thus the existing scientific literature does not provide other explanations. Using storage trial 3 as the most reliable results the conclusion should be made that urine GAG concentrations remain constant for only 24 hours at 4 ο C or less.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…One study claimed that spot urinary GCR showed good linear correlation with 24-hr GAG excretion, therefore the GCR from a single sample could be used for comparing patients. 66 Mitsuhashi et al, employing the GAG assay used in the current study, claim that daily and circadian urinary excretions of GAG were studied in 5 humans and that excretion rates were constant. 3 However, when urinary GAGs are estimated by measuring hexuronic acid concentration or uronic acid concentration, non-parallelism in the daily fluctuation of GAGs and creatinine occurs.…”

Section: Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alterations in urinary GAG excretion has been investigated in humans with mucopolysaccharidoses, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, urinary bladder neoplasia, and bacterial lower urinary tract infection. [5][6][7][8][9][10][64][65][66] Urinary GAGs have also been evaluated in numerous human nephropathies including diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritides, and amyloidosis. [16][17][18][19] The veterinary literature is barren of research about the significance of urinary GAGs; reports include measurement in cats with an interstitial cystitis-like syndrome, in a family of dachshunds with mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA, and in dogs undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.…”

Section: Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of urinary glycosaminoglycans in dogs

Grant¹,

Forrester²,

Panciera³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Veterinary Research

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Recent work in humans with protein losing nephropathies has revealed increased urine concentrations of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).Differences exist between normal patients, those with glomerulonephritis (GN), and those with amyloidosis thus potentially allowing differentiation without a renal biopsy. Aims of this study were to validate a simple spectrophotometric assay used to measure canine urinary GAGs, establish a n ormal reference range, and determine optimal storage conditions. Urine GAG concentrations were measured in a limited number of dogs with glomerulonephritis or amyloidosis.Fourteen healthy dogs were placed in metabolic cages and all urine was collected for 24hours. Serum and urine creatinine concentrations were measured at the beginning and end of the collection period. Urine collected at the beginning of the 24-hr period was centrifuged and the supernatant used to measure a spot GAG concentration and a spot glycosaminoglycan to creatinine ratio (GCR). A well mixed aliquot of the 24-hr sample was centrifuged, the supernatant used to measure the 24-hr total GAG, and stored at 4°C and -20°C for 1, 7, and 30 days. All dogs were used to determine effects of time and temperature (n=14), however, only dogs with an endogenous creatinine clearance > 2 ml/min/kg (n=10) were used to determine normal values. A standard absorption curve using a 1,9-dimethlymethylene blue dye and dilutions of chondroiton-4-sulfate was developed to estimate total GAG concentration. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test for effects of storage temperature and time on stability of urinary GAG. A p -value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Relationships between spot urinary GAG concentration, spot urinary GAG to creatinine ratio (GCR) and 24-hr total GAG excretion were estimated using simple linear regression.Single urine samples were collected by cystocentesis from dogs with GN or renal amyloidosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical evaluation or by histologic analysis.Urine protein, creatinine and GAG concentrations were measured.There were no time or temperature effects on urine GAG concentrations for up to 1 day at 4°C and 30 days at -20°C. Mean 24-hr total GAG excretion ± standard deviation was 1.586 ±

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Measurement of urinary glycosaminoglycans in dogs

Grant¹,

Forrester²,

Panciera³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…As the majority of the GAGs found in the urine appear to be derived from the upper urinary tract [18], and the excretion rate is unaffected by urinary infection [19], it seems appropriate to follow treatment effects by analysis of GAG and immunoglobulins in the urine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and Charge Selectivity of the Glomerular Filter in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes mellitus: Urinary Immunoglobulins and Glycosaminoglycans

Torffvit¹,

Rippe

1999

Nephron

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Background: In diabetic nephropathy, a reduction in negative membrane charge in the glomerular filter, i.e., the number of sulphated groups of glycosaminoglycans, has been argued to lead to increases in excretion of negatively charged molecules, such as albumin and IgG4. However, albuminuria and an increased excretion rate of IgG may also be caused by an increase in radius or number of glomerular large pores. Methods: Timed urinary excretion rates of sulphated glycosaminoglycans, albumin, and IgG2, IgG4, and IgM were analyzed in 94 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with different degrees of nephropathy and compared with the excretion rates in 26 control subjects. Sulphated glycosaminoglycans were measured spectrophotometrically after addition of 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue. Albumin and immunoglobulins were measured by immunoassays. Results: With increases in the albumin excretion rate the excretion of IgG2, IgG4, and IgM also increased, in contrast to a decrease in glycosaminoglycans and the ratio between IgG2 and IgG4 (selectivity index). This index decreased from 6.2 to 0.7 (median; p < 0.01). However, with linear regression analysis the excretion rates of albumin and immunoglobulins were not associated with those of glycosaminoglycans. Conclusion: In diabetic nephropathy changes in both large-pore number and in charge selectivity may be pathogenic mechanisms for albuminuria.

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Modulators of Crystallization of Stone Salts

Khan¹,

Kok²

Urinary Stone Disease

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Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans in urological disease

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Measurement of urinary glycosaminoglycans in dogs

Measurement of urinary glycosaminoglycans in dogs

Size and Charge Selectivity of the Glomerular Filter in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes mellitus: Urinary Immunoglobulins and Glycosaminoglycans

Modulators of Crystallization of Stone Salts

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