Urinary 1‐Hydroxypyrene Level Relative to Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Mediated by Metabolic Enzyme Polymorphisms

Abstract

Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Level Relative to Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Mediated by MetabolicEnzyme Polymorphisms: Chun-Yu CHUANG, et al. Department of Biomedical Engineering andEnvironmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan-Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are common air pollutants generated from incomplete combustion. The inhalation of exhaust fumes in urban areas has been suggested to be an additional contributing factor. This study investigated the influence of urban traffic exposure, personal lifestyle factors and metabolic enzyme polymorphisms on the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) level, approximating exposure to PAH. With consents, 95 male taxi drivers exposed to vehicle exhaust in traffic and 75 male office employees received health interviews and provided urine samples. The results showed taxi drivers had higher urinary 1-OHP than the office employees (mean ± standard deviation were 0.17 ± 0.10 vs. 0.10 ± 0.07 µmol/mol creatinine, p<0.001). The average urinary 1-OHP level increased from 0.07 µmol/mol creatinine for non-smoking office employees to 0.17 µmol/mol creatinine for those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes daily. The values for taxi drivers with similar smoking statuses were 0.12 and 0.25 µmol/mol creatinine, respectively. Among non-smokers, taxi drivers still had higher 1-OHP level than office employees (0.12 ± 0.05 vs. 0.07 ± 0.03 µmol/mol creatinine). The subjects with the m1/m2 or m2/m2 genotype of CYP1A1 MspI or GSTM1 deficiency had significantly higher urinary 1-OHP levels than those with other CYP1A1 MspI and GSTM1 genotypes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that taxi drivers (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=5.1, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-13.6), smokers (OR=5.5, 95% CI=1.6-18.4) and subjects with the m1/m2 or m2/ m2 genotype of CYP1A1 MspI (OR=9.7, 95% CI=2.7-35.0) had elevated urinary 1-OHP (greater than the overall median value, 0.11 µmol/mol creatinine). The results of this study suggest smoking contributes to the elevated urinary 1-OHP levels in taxi drivers in addition to taxi driving, and the excess level contributed from traffic exhaust and smoke was regulated by the CYP1A1 MspI genotype. Traffic exhaust exposure, smoking and CYP1A1 MspI genotype contributed to the variation in levels of urinary 1-OHP excretion.

Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Levels in Workers Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon from Rubber Wood Burning

“…Therefore, the nonoccupational exposure group might be exposed to PAHs via inhalation and skin adsorption to a lesser extent than the RSS workers. The 1-OHP levels of the control group in this study were in the same range as the nonsmoking and smoking officers [28].…”

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Amniotic Fluid Samples From Smokers and Nonsmokers

“…Previous studies have focused only on the detection of 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of exposure relating to polycyclic hydrocarbons, especially in urinary samples obtained from smokers and nonsmokers (174)(175)(176)(177)(178)(179)(180)(181). Although the presence of this compound generally indicates the presence of other compounds of the same classification, it fails to be a marker of specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, especially those compounds that may result in a more significant toxicological effect on the fetus.…”

Effect of the GSTM1 genotype on the biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Meta-analysis

“…After reviewing the full texts, we only included articles that used HPLC for detecting 1-OHP. Eleven studies were finally included in the meta-analysis [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Table 1 lists these studies and their main features.…”