Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene as a Biomarker of PAH Exposure in 3-Year-Old Ukrainian Children

Mucha, Amy P.; Hryhorczuk, Daniel O.; Serdyuk, Andrij; Nakonechny, Joseph; Zvinchuk, Alexander; Erdal, Serap; Caudill, Motria; Scheff, Peter A.; Lukyanova, Elena M.; Shkiryak-Nyzhnyk, Z. A.; Chislovska, Natalia

doi:10.1289/ehp.7898

Cited by 72 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…However, other authors have reported a statistically significant disproportion between genders, higher for women: 0.5 μmol/mol (0.96 μg/g) vs. 0.34μmol/mol (0.66 μg/g) for men, although all the women were non-smokers [24]. This observation was attributed to the amount of time spent in the kitchen for frying and other types of cooking connected with formation of PAHs compounds, and as expected, this difference disappeared among children [25]. The paradox of an inhaled dose of pyrene among nonsmokers being several times lower than the daily urine 1-OHP excretion was reported by Rubino et al, and it was suggested that this may be due to the slow release of pyrene from the soot deposit in the lung alveoli that was trapped in the lungs during life [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in occupationally-exposed and non-exposed individuals in Silesia, Poland

Zając

Gomółka²,

Szot

2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. The aim of presented study was comparison of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration among coke plant workers (before and after working week) and among non-exposed individuals from the same area, taking smoking status into consideration. Materials and method. 647 coke plant workers and 206 individuals living in the same area were analysed with respect to urinary 1-OHP concentration and smoking status. Urinary samples were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescent detection. Concentrations were normalized with respect to creatinine concentration. For workers, two samples were collected before and after working week. Multiple regression was performed to distinguish and quantify the influence of cigarette smoking and occupational PAH exposition on the urinary 1-OHP levels. Results. Average urinary 1-OHP concentration of samples collected before the working week was: 1.07 μg/g; after the working week: 2.36 μg/g and for control: 0.74 μg/g. The samples collected at the beginning of the working week were not suitable for assessment of the workers' background (non-occupational) exposition. Smoking cigarettes induced a rise in urinary 1-OHP level by 16%, on average (CI: 5% -28%), and working for a whole working week at the coke plant made urinary 1-OHP levels, on average, 3.21 times higher (CI: 2.91 -3.54). Conclusions. Working at the coke plant increases significantly urinary 1-OHP concentration in comparison to nonoccupationally exposed individuals, both for samples collected before and after the working week. Smoking remains a significant source of PAHs exposition, despite the fact that occupational exposure is greater. Health promotion programmes should address both the occupational health risks reduction and smoking prevention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in occupationally-exposed and non-exposed individuals in Silesia, Poland

Zając

Gomółka²,

Szot

2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…In our study, the ingestion of smoked paprika at a dose of 2 g per day, clearly over the mean normal value of consumption in general population (0.5g/day), produced a small increase in the urinary excretion of 1-HOP, which was well below the considered risk threshold of 1032 nmol/mol (Hecht et al, 2004;Mucha et al, 2006). These results confirm that smoked paprika from La Vera (Spain) contains small amount of PAH as it has been previously reported (Campillo et al, 2010) and that their chronic ingestion did not affect any clinical parameter so far investigated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

The mechanism of the antioxidant effect of smoked paprika from La Vera, Spain

Tormo

Campillo

Viña

et al. 2013

CyTA - Journal of Food

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This study aimed at further investigating the antioxidant effect of smoked paprika (Pimento´n La Vera, Spain) in healthy subjects. Crossover study included male students (age 20.6 + 1.7 years) who consumed smoked or non-smoked paprika (2 g/day, 20 times, over 30 days). After ingestion of smoked paprika, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly (p 5 0.01) reduced versus basal and non-smoked paprika ingestion values. Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were increased and oxidised glutathione (GSSG) levels reduced significantly (p 5 0.05) in paired subjects after consumption of smoked paprika. Smoked paprika significantly increased mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase and cytochrome c oxydase versus non-smoked paprika ingestion. The low dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in the smoked paprika could cause an activation of antioxidant defences as increasing activity of the GSH cycle and activating some antioxidant enzyme such as glutathione peroxidase and cytochrome c oxidase.Keywords: smoked paprika; reduced and oxidised glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; cytochrome c oxydase Este estudio investiga el efecto antioxidante del pimento´n ahumado (Pimento´n La Vera, Espan˜a) en sujetos sanos. Estudiantes varones (edad 20,6 + 1,7 an˜os) consumieron pimento´n ahumado o no ahumado (2 g/dı´a, 20 veces, durante 30 dı´as). Tras la ingestio´n del pimento´n ahumado los niveles plasma´ticos de malondialdehido (MDA) se redujeron (p 5 0,01) frente a los valores basales y a los obtenidos tras la ingestio´n de pimento´n no ahumado. Los niveles de glutatio´n reducido (GSH) aumentaron y los de glutatio´n oxidado (GSSG) disminuyeron (p 5 0,05) tras la ingestio´n de pimento´n ahumado. La ingestio´n de pimento´n ahumado incremento´significativamente los niveles de mRNA de glutatio´n peroxidasa y citocromo c oxidasa. Las pequen˜as dosis de hidrocarburos policı´clicos aroma´ticos (PHAs) contenidas en el pimento´n ahumado activarı´an las defensas antioxidantes al aumentar la actividad de sistemas antioxidantes como el ciclo GSH y la sı´ntesis de enzimas como glutatio´n peroxidasa y citocromo c oxidasa.

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“…A number of studies have reported the levels of OH-PAHs in occupational groups, including coke oven workers and road pavers (Grimmer et al 1993;Jongeneelen et al 1990; Levin et al 1995), as well as in the general population from various parts of the world (Hansen et al 2005;Mucha et al 2006). In the United States, OH-PAHs are included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an on-going survey that reports the concentrations of biomarkers in a statistically representative sample of the U.S. population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite in general population and comparison of spot, first-morning, and 24-h void sampling

Romanoff

Lewin

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

119

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Urinary hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are commonly used in biomonitoring to assess exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Similar to other biologically non-persistent chemicals, OH-PAHs have relatively short biological half-lives (4.4-35 hours). Little information is available on their variability in urinary concentrations over time in non-occupationally exposed subjects. This study was designed to (i) study the variability of 9 urinary OH-PAH metabolite concentrations over time and (ii) calculate sample size requirements for future epidemiological studies based on spot urine, first morning void and 24-hour void sampling. Individual urine samples (n = 427) were collected during one week from 8 nonoccupationally exposed adults. We recorded the time and volume of each urine excretion, dietary details, and the driving activities of the participants. Within subjects, the coefficients of variation (CV) for the wet-weight concentration of OH-PAHs in all samples ranged from 45% to 297%; creatinine adjustment reduced the CV to 19-288% (p < 0.001; paired t-test). The simulated 24-hour void concentrations were the least variable measure, with CVs ranging 13-182% for the 9 OH-PAHs. Within-day variability contributed on average 84%, and between-day variability accounted for 16% of the total variance of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 1-PYR levels were 0.55 for spot urine samples, 0.60 for first-morning voids, and 0.76 for 24-hour voids, indicating a high degree of correlation between urine measurements collected from the same subject over time. Sample size calculations were performed to estimate the number of subjects needed for detecting differences in geometric mean at a statistical power of 80% for spot urine, first-morning, and 24-hour void sampling. These data will aid in the design of future studies of PAHs and possibly other biologically non-persistent chemicals and the interpretation of their analytical results.

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Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene as a Biomarker of PAH Exposure in 3-Year-Old Ukrainian Children

Cited by 72 publications

References 26 publications

Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in occupationally-exposed and non-exposed individuals in Silesia, Poland

Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in occupationally-exposed and non-exposed individuals in Silesia, Poland

The mechanism of the antioxidant effect of smoked paprika from La Vera, Spain

Variability of urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite in general population and comparison of spot, first-morning, and 24-h void sampling

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