“…To date, many attempts have been made to determine appropriate substitutes for urethral reconstruction, and in general, it is believed that seeding cells is necessary for constructing an artificial biomaterial scaffold that is suitable for reconstruction of extensive urethral defects. Various types of cells have been adopted in animal and clinical experiments, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [19][20][21], urethral epithelial cells [22] and smooth muscle cells [6,7,[23][24][25], urine-derived stem cells [26], mesothelial cells [27], adipose-derived stem Cells [28,29], and oral keratinocytes [30], and other cell types.…”