“…The cause of both cases were chronic renal infection, successfully treated with nephrectomy and closure of duodenal defect. 2 Other causes of fistulas have been reported as secondary to ureteral calculi, roundworm infection, iatrogenic injury, trauma, malignancy and idiopathy. [3][4][5] Common presentations of this condition were flank pain, fever, pyuria, pneumaturia and upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as anorexia, nausea and vomiting.…”