Urea Pesticides

Morais, Simone; Correia, Manuela; Domingues, Valentina F.; Delerue–Matos, Cristina

doi:10.5772/13126

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…Urea derivatives are prevalent organic compounds with a variety of applications such as resin precursors, dyes, agrochemicals, , and pharmaceutical drugs , and in supramolecular chemistry . Additionally, polyureas are useful classes of plastics with a range of applications for construction materials (e.g., coatings, adhesives) and biomedical industry (e.g., drug delivery) and have a current annual market of USD 885 million .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Synthesis of Urea Derivatives and Polyureas

et al. 2022

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Urea derivatives have significant applications in the synthesis of resin precursors, dyes, agrochemicals, and pharmaceutical drugs. Furthermore, polyureas are useful plastics with applications in coating, adhesive, and biomedical industries. However, the conventional methods for the synthesis of urea derivatives and polyureas involve toxic reagents such as (di)isocyanates, phosgene, CO, and azides. We present here the synthesis of (poly)ureas using much less toxic reagents(di)amines and methanolvia a catalytic dehydrogenative coupling process. The reaction is catalyzed by a pincer complex of an earthabundant metal, manganese, and liberates H 2 gas, valuable by itself, as the only byproduct, making the overall process highly atomeconomic. A broad variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical urea derivatives and polyureas have been synthesized in moderate to quantitative yields using this catalytic protocol. Mechanistic insights have also been provided using experiments and DFT computation, suggesting that the reaction proceeds via an isocyanate intermediate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Synthesis of Urea Derivatives and Polyureas

et al. 2022

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“…Although dehydrogenative synthesis of symmetrical urea derivatives using a manganese catalyst is interesting, several examples of urea containing agrochemicals or pharmaceutical drugs involve unsymmetrical urea derivatives. [3][4][5][6] We utilized the approach of coupling formamide with amines to form unsymmetrical urea derivatives. This approach has been previously demonstrated by Milstein 33 and Bernskoetter 30 using a ruthenium and an iron pincer catalyst, respectively.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urea derivatives are prevalent organic compounds with a variety of applications such as resin precursors, 1 dyes, 2 agrochemicals, 3,4 pharmaceutical drugs, 5,6 and in supramolecular chemistry. 7 Additionally, polyureas are useful classes of plastics with a range of applications for construction materials (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese Catalysed Dehydrogenative Synthesis of Urea Derivatives and Polyureas

Owen

Preiss

McLuskie

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Urea derivatives are prevalent intermediates in the synthesis of resin precursors, dyes, agrochemicals, and pharmaceutical drugs. Furthermore, polyureas are useful plastics with applications in coating, adhesive, and biomedical industries and have a current annual market of USD 885 million. However, the conventional methods for the synthesis of urea derivatives and polyureas involve toxic reagents such as (di)isocyanates, phosgene, CO, and azides. We present here the synthesis of (poly)ureas using much less toxic reagents - (di)amines, and methanol via a catalytic dehydrogenative coupling process. The reaction is catalyzed by a pincer complex of an earth-abundant metal, manganese, and liberates H2 gas, valuable by itself, as the only by-product making the overall process atom-economic, and sustainable. A broad variety of symmetrical, and unsymmetrical urea derivatives and polyureas have been synthesized in moderate to quantitative yields using this catalytic protocol. Mechanistic insights have also been provided using experiments and DFT computation suggesting that the reaction proceeds via an isocyanate intermediate.

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“…Carbamates are organic pesticides, reversibly inactivating the enzyme acetylcholinesterase; these pesticides are derived from carbamic acid. The cholinesterase inhibition of carbamates differs from that of organophosphates in that it is species specific and is reversible [35,47]. Organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates are three generations of traditional highly toxic pesticides, and the later developed pyrethroids, anilines, amides, and azotic heterocyclic compounds are generally less toxic [48].…”

Section: Classification Based On the Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides, Environmental Pollution, and Health

Özkara¹,

Akyıl²,

Konuk³

2016

Environmental Health Risk - Hazardous Factors to Living Species

164

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In recent years, people have been exposed to several types of substances with broad spectrum due to the rapidly evolving technology. One of these chemical substance groups are pesticides. Pesticides have been an essential part of agriculture to protect crops and livestock from pest infestations and yield reduction for many decades. Despite their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety, the environment, and all living things. Concern about the environmental impact of repeated pesticide use has prompted research into the environmental fate of these agents, which can emigrate from treated fields to air, other land, and water bodies. The importance of agricultural pesticides for developing countries is undeniable. However, the issue of human health and environmental risks has emerged as a key problem for these countries in accordance to a number of studies. In the last five decades, pesticide usages increased the quantity and improved the quality of food. However, with the increasing amounts of their usage, concern about their adverse effects on nontarget organisms, including human beings, has also grown. The purpose of this publication is to explain the nature of pesticides and their history, classification, risks, and effects on health and the environment.

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Urea Pesticides

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Manganese-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Synthesis of Urea Derivatives and Polyureas

Manganese-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Synthesis of Urea Derivatives and Polyureas

Manganese Catalysed Dehydrogenative Synthesis of Urea Derivatives and Polyureas

Pesticides, Environmental Pollution, and Health

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