Urea Breath Test in Children: The United States Prospective, Multicenter Study

Elitsur, Yoram; Tolia, Vasundhara; Gilger, Mark A.; Reeves-Garcia, Jesse; Schmidt-Sommerfeld, Eberhard; Opekun, Antone R.; El‐Zimaity, Hala; Graham, David Y.; Enmei, Kyoko

doi:10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00670.x

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is assumed that prospective studies of this topic would be more beneficial and accurate. Nonetheless, even in those reports, the specific analysis of Hp-negative gastritis was not the main topic of the discussion [12][13][14]. In a recent prospective study, a Chinese group assessed the endoscopic findings of children diagnosed with functional abdominal pain [15].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hp-negative Gastritis (Idiopathic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter-pylori Negative Gastritis in Children—A New Clinical Enigma

Elitsur

Preston

2014

Diseases

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Abstract:The decrease in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in children in the world gave rise to a new pathological finding termed as Hp-negative gastritis. Unfortunately, the term "Hp-negative gastritis" has not been identified as a pathological process and has the status of a "second cousin"; in most publications it was never mentioned as a subject to be dealt with, but was "left over" data that was never the topic of the manuscripts' discussions. Only recently has the topic captured the attention of the pathologists who described this phenomenon in adults, yet the pathological and/or clinical spectrum or significance of this phenomenon has not been adequately investigated. In the current manuscript we describe Hp-negative gastritis in children, summarize its clinical prevalence and touch upon the possible etiology, pathology, and/or therapeutic implication. Overall, this review has concluded that Hp-negative gastritis is a pathological phenomenon in children that needs further investigation, and to date, as the title suggests, is a new clinical enigma that needs to be considered.

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Section: Prevalence Of Hp-negative Gastritis (Idiopathic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter-pylori Negative Gastritis in Children—A New Clinical Enigma

Elitsur

Preston

2014

Diseases

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“…However, studies of this subject are scarce and have not included large enough numbers of infants and toddlers to obtain reliable results. Furthermore, different "gold standard" tests have been used to validate the [ 13 C]UBT, and most studies are in developed countries, where the prevalence of infection is very low (11,12,16,17).To validate noninvasive tests for diagnosis of H. pylori infection, the indicated "gold standard" includes at least two invasive tests, which is a difficult task with young children due to the current rarity of symptomatic H. pylori infection in this period of life. In addition, as stated by Goodman and Correa, validation using invasive tests has some limitations; recent short-term colonization and patchy distribution of the bacterium in the gastric mucosa may decrease the sensitive of biopsy-based tests in very young children (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Helicobacter pylori Infection in Infants and Toddlers in South America: Concordance between [ ¹³ C]Urea Breath Test and Monoclonal H. pylori Stool Antigen Test

et al. 2013

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H elicobacter pylori infection is acquired primarily in early childhood and is predominantly transmitted within families, infected mother and siblings being the most common familial source of the microorganism (1-5). Infants and toddlers most frequently acquire and lose the infection (3, 6), but there are substantial knowledge gaps in respect to the predictors of initial acquisition, as well as the persistence of the infection, in this age group. In addition, in children, H. pylori infection has been associated with iron deficiency anemia, diarrheic disease, and impairment of growth, weight, and cognitive functions (7,8). Thus, a simple and reliable noninvasive test to detect H. pylori infection in this age group is required, especially in developing countries, where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is very high.The noninvasive [ 13 C]urea breath test ([ 13 C]UBT) (9-12) and stool antigen test (13-15) are very reliable for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in children older than 6 years. The stool test based on monoclonal antibodies has proved to be highly accurate in all age groups (13-15), but the specificity of the [ 13 C]UBT varies from 82% to 100% for young children (9-12). However, studies of this subject are scarce and have not included large enough numbers of infants and toddlers to obtain reliable results. Furthermore, different "gold standard" tests have been used to validate the [ 13 C]UBT, and most studies are in developed countries, where the prevalence of infection is very low (11,12,16,17).To validate noninvasive tests for diagnosis of H. pylori infection, the indicated "gold standard" includes at least two invasive tests, which is a difficult task with young children due to the current rarity of symptomatic H. pylori infection in this period of life. In addition, as stated by Goodman and Correa, validation using invasive tests has some limitations; recent short-term colonization and patchy distribution of the bacterium in the gastric mucosa may decrease the sensitive of biopsy-based tests in very young children (18). Such problems currently restrict epidemiological investigations of the acquisition of H. pylori infection in infants and toddlers in developing-country settings.The aim of this study was to investigate whether the two independent noninvasive tests for H. pylori infection diagnosis, the [ 13 C]UBT and monoclonal stool antigen test, have good concordance in young children. For that, we evaluated a cohort of infants and toddlers living in impoverished regions of two developing countries in South America. Our hypothesis was that if the [ 13 C]UBT and monoclonal stool antigen test had good agreement in infants and toddlers, either of the two noninvasive tests could be used for the diagnosis of H. pylori in this age group. We also aimed to investigate causes linked to discordant results between the two tests.

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“…Although socioeconomic and hygienic conditions have improved recently, disparities in the prevalence of this condition remain among different racial groups. Of 176 American children who were evaluated for H. pylori infection using the 13 C–urea breath test (UBT), 48 were infected (Elitsur et al, 2009). Herrero et al (Porras et al, 2013) investigated the prevalence of H. pylori infection in six Latin American countries, and the rate of H. pylori prevalence was 79.4% (range: 70.1–84.7%) among 1,852 eligible adults.…”

Section: The Prevalence Of H Pylori Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel and Effective Therapeutic Regimens for Helicobacter pylori in an Era of Increasing Antibiotic Resistance

Zhu

Lü

2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

130

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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common gastrointestinal bacterial strain closely associated with the incidence of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer. A current research and clinical challenge is the increased rate of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori, which has led to a decreased H. pylori eradication rate. In this article, we review recent H. pylori infection and reinfection rates and H. pylori resistance to antibiotics, and we discuss the pertinent treatments. A PubMed literature search was performed using the following keywords: Helicobacter pylori, infection, reinfection, antibiotic resistance, bismuth, proton pump inhibitors, vonoprazan, susceptibility, quintuple therapy, dual therapy, and probiotic. The prevalence of H. pylori has remained high in some areas despite the decreasing trend of H. pylori prevalence observed over time. Additionally, the H. pylori reinfection rate has varied in different countries due to socioeconomic and hygienic conditions. Helicobacter pylori monoresistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole or levofloxacin was common in most countries. However, the prevalence of amoxicillin and tetracycline resistance has remained low. Because H. pylori infection and reinfection present serious challenges and because H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole or levofloxacin remains high in most countries, the selection of an efficient regimen to eradicate H. pylori is critical. Currently, bismuth-containing quadruple therapies still achieve high eradication rates. Moreover, susceptibility-based therapies are alternatives because they may avoid the use of unnecessary antibiotics. Novel regimens, e.g., vonoprazan-containing triple therapies, quintuple therapies, high-dose dual therapies, and standard triple therapies with probiotics, require further studies concerning their efficiency and safety for treating H. pylori.

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Urea Breath Test in Children: The United States Prospective, Multicenter Study

Abstract: The US standard (13)C-UBT proved to be both simple and accurate for the diagnosis of H. pylori infections in children. The UHR method to calculate of (13)C-UBT result provided excellent results for children of all ages.

Cited by 33 publications

References 36 publications

Helicobacter-pylori Negative Gastritis in Children—A New Clinical Enigma

Helicobacter-pylori Negative Gastritis in Children—A New Clinical Enigma

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Infants and Toddlers in South America: Concordance between [ ¹³ C]Urea Breath Test and Monoclonal H. pylori Stool Antigen Test

Novel and Effective Therapeutic Regimens for Helicobacter pylori in an Era of Increasing Antibiotic Resistance

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Urea Breath Test in Children: The United States Prospective, Multicenter Study

Abstract: The US standard (13)C-UBT proved to be both simple and accurate for the diagnosis of H. pylori infections in children. The UHR method to calculate of (13)C-UBT result provided excellent results for children of all ages.

Cited by 33 publications

References 36 publications

Helicobacter-pylori Negative Gastritis in Children—A New Clinical Enigma

Helicobacter-pylori Negative Gastritis in Children—A New Clinical Enigma

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Infants and Toddlers in South America: Concordance between [ 13 C]Urea Breath Test and Monoclonal H. pylori Stool Antigen Test

Novel and Effective Therapeutic Regimens for Helicobacter pylori in an Era of Increasing Antibiotic Resistance

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Helicobacter pylori Infection in Infants and Toddlers in South America: Concordance between [ ¹³ C]Urea Breath Test and Monoclonal H. pylori Stool Antigen Test