In the past two years, Java has exploded onto the computing landscape, offering an object-oriented language and environment that is suitable for a wide variety of application domains. Java is targeted for applications that include: advanced capabilities in WWW browsers via appletsj enterprise computing with database connectivity, CORBA, and RMIj usage in personal, commercial, and consumer market productsj embedded computing applications with real-time constraintsj and, smart card technology. Security is an integral component of many of these applications, to control access and prevent misuse. The purpose of this chapter is to focus on the security capabilities and potentials of Java. There must be an understanding of the available security primitives in Java, an investigation of the ability of Java to support existing object-oriented security approaches, and a consideration of potential security solutions for distributed object computing applications.