Urbanization and Political Change in Latin America

Schoultz, Lars

doi:10.2307/2110089

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Urbanization is the concentration of people in cities and towns and forms a key feature in economic development (Michael, Rauch and Redding 2012) or the increase in the proportion of a population living in areas that are defined as urban (Dyson 2011). According to Schoultz (1972), urbanization is not similar to modernization, nor industrialization, nor rural to urban migration. It is a process of population concentration which can be measured by the rate of change in rural -urban distribution of a nation's population.…”

Section: Urbanization and Peri-urban Farming As An Element Of Human Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For an individual, some of the effects of urbanization may include: primary group break-down, the destruction of traditional norms and values, and in the absence of re-integrating mechanisms, the development of larger scale alienation and personal anomie, a state that can be said to have liberated most women to oppressive cultural norms and enabled them to pursue their goals and life dreams. Unless economic conditions improve to create a modicum of satisfaction to these marginal urbanites, at a certain point, the emerging slums are likely to be swept by social violence as people continue to demand for services (Schoultz 1972). It is further argued that concentration of the radical poor in large urban centres is conducive to political instability.…”

Section: Urbanization and Peri-urban Farming As An Element Of Human Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Mainstreaming for the Adaptation to Weather and Climate Extremes in African Cities

Oluoko-Odingo

2019

J. Clim. Chang. Sustain

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Although women constitute one-half of the human population and provide most labour in farming, they remain poor and most vulnerable to weather and climate extremes due to inequalities in ownership and decision-making on most important livelihood resources like land, assets and cash. Peri-urban farming offers an important adaptation strategy to weather and climate extremes and through gender mainstreaming, can become a vital tool for sustainable livelihoods and sustainable development. The paper points out that although well-planned cities offer better services to urban communities and their hinterlands, the African cities, particularly, those in Sub-Saharan Africa have been accompanied by myriads of developmental and environmental challenges, which continue to perpetuate inequalities, discrimination and under-development. For instance, the low-income communities live in risky areas without access to important services which increase their vulnerability to weather and climate induced hazards and disasters. The Paper discusses the links between gender mainstreaming, peri-urban farming, weather and climate extremes and sustainable development in Africa, where literature review is supported by fieldwork results for better policy formulations. This was an invited paper to the conference and is supported by a research gap on the need for gender mainstreaming in peri-urban farming to enhance equity and equality for sustainable development. The study was carried out in peri-urban areas of Nairobi (Machakos and Kajiado Counties) in Kenya. The results provide hope as these peri-urban areas seem to have some form of spontaneous gender mainstreaming that when positively supported would yield good results. The Article underscores the fact that a number of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) could be achieved by simply targeting the attainment of SDG 5 on gender equality and women empowerment, including SDG 13 on adaptation to climate change

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Section: Urbanization and Peri-urban Farming As An Element Of Human Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Urbanization and Peri-urban Farming As An Element Of Human Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Mainstreaming for the Adaptation to Weather and Climate Extremes in African Cities

Oluoko-Odingo

2019

J. Clim. Chang. Sustain

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“…But, as Huntington notes (1%8: 279), that point has not yet arrived. On the contrary, more recent scholarship has pointed to the apparent political passivity of Latin America's shantytown population (Schoultz, 1972;Mangin, 1967: 66) and to their lack of "class antagonism toward the upper [classes] or the status quo" (Cornelius, 1971: 106;Stepan, 1966: 229-34). Why have Latin America's squatter settlements failed to erupt into disorder and violence?…”

Section: La Tin American Research Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Political Mobilization of Urban Squatter Settlements: Santiago's Recent Experience and Its Implications for Urban Research

Handelman

1975

Lat. American Res. Rev.

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On 11 September 1973, heavily armed troops attacked the Chilean Presidential Palace in Santiago and toppled the government of Dr. Salvador Allende. The military coup brought an end to Latin America's first democratically-elected Marxist government. Since the September military takeover, the Chilean armed forces have moved with unparalleled harshness to suppress the base of the Allende regime's popular support. The Allende government's efforts toward raising the consumption level of Chile's lower classes had earned his Popular Unity (Unidad Popular—UP) coalition a high degree of political support among the nation's working class and urban migrant population. Because his Socialist-Communist coalition had been actively competing since the 1960s with both the reformist Christian Democratic party (Partido Demócrata Cristiano—PDC) and the ultraradical Leftist Revolutionary Movement (Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria—MIR) for the support of the urban poor, Santiago's migrant shantytowns had an unusually high level of political mobilization. The squatter settlements outside of the capital provided some of the strongest support for Chile's various Marxist parties. Not surprisingly, since the military takeover many of Santiago's squatter communities have been subjected to mass arrests and even executions by the rightist government (Slaughterhouse, 1973; Terror, 1974).

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