Urbanization and inevitable migration

Xu, Jianhua

doi:10.4324/9780203766774-17

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Just as many immigrant groups report greater fear of crime compared to nonimmigrants in the United States (Ackah, ; Lee and Ulmer, ; Wu, Klahm, and Atoui, ), it is possible that migrant residents hold higher levels of fear than local residents in China. The vulnerability of migrant workers comes from their living and working in close proximity to high‐risk environments, suffering from higher rates of violent and property criminal victimization, and lacking resources to assertively resist victimization or pursue justice (Xu, ; Xu and Song, ). Based on the vulnerability model it is hypothesized that women, the elderly, those with lower class status, and migrants have higher levels of fear of crime than their respective counterparts .…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, population concentration of migrant workers is a unique and important aspect of neighborhood context in large Chinese cities. Official statistics indicate that migrant workers from rural areas are responsible for a large proportion of crimes in such major migrant destination cities as Shanghai and Guangzhou (Situ and Liu, ; Xu, ). Although scholars have pointed out that the rates of crime by rural migrants are generally overestimated (Xu and Song, ), this stereotyping of migrant workers’ proneness to crime can contribute to people's fear, both local and nonlocal, fear of crime.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Media Consumption and Fear of Crime in a Large Chinese City

Triplett

et al. 2019

Social Science Quarterly

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Objective. While empirical research on Chinese people's perceptions of crime has developed encouragingly during the past decade, an important issue regarding correlates of such fear -the media effect, frequently found by the Western literature as a critical source of fear -has largely eluded scholarly attention. This study investigates the effects of consumption of different media types on Chinese fear of crime, while taking a wide range of other theoretically relevant and empirically validated factors into consideration. Methods. Relying on data collected from a sample of residents in a large Chinese city, this study uses ordinary least squares regression to investigate the correlates of fear of crime. Results. Consumption of newspapers and radio reports of news is associated with lower levels of fear, and consumption of political and social news from television and the Internet is connected to higher levels of fear of crime. The vulnerability model, crime and justice model, and community model have also received some support in these data. Conclusion. This study provides robust support for the importance of the media in shaping public fear of crime, and indicates that the cultural context in which the media reports on crime is critical to understanding its role and impact.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media Consumption and Fear of Crime in a Large Chinese City

Triplett

et al. 2019

Social Science Quarterly

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“…Rural migrants experience nearly all types of social exclusion in China, and this is especially intensive in large, developed cities where a larger number of rural‐to‐urban migrants are concentrated (Solinger ). Our findings concerning the increased likelihood of imprisonment due to rural‐to‐urban migrant identity demonstrate that Chinese sentencing practices involve more than meting out punishment to convicts; instead, an incarceration sentence operates as a state‐directed social control tactic functioning to confine and control the floating populations in cities–especially in those cities that have experienced rapid and extensive migration (Xu ; Ma ). The intensification of punishment severity in cities with larger migrant concentrations aims to deter potential rural migrants from committing crimes and prevents them from becoming a source of disruption in host cities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Hukou Status and Sentencing in the Wake of Internal Migration: The Penalty Effect of Being Rural‐to‐Urban Migrants in China

Jiang

Kuang

2018

Law & Policy

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While the disparate legal treatment of immigrants in Western jurisdictions has been well documented in sociolegal scholarship, the potential legal inequality experienced by rural‐to‐urban migrants in China, who have become China's largest disadvantaged social group, has not garnered much attention. To fill the gap, this article empirically examines sentencing disparities related to the Hukou status of criminal offenders by employing quantitative data on criminal case processing in China. The results of our analysis reveal that rural‐to‐urban migrant defendants are more likely to be sentenced to prison than their urban counterparts. In addition, the penalty effect of being a rural‐to‐urban migrant is further magnified in jurisdictions with a larger concentration of migrants. Our findings suggest that discrimination against rural‐to‐urban migrants has become an emerging, significant form of legal inequality in China's criminal justice system, refracting and reinforcing the deep‐seated structural inequality associated with Hukou status in China. The research and policy implications of these findings are discussed.

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“…The result has been the flow of a large number of rural residents to cities (Keister and Nee, ; Ma, ). This so‐called “floating population” has significantly changed the urban landscape in China, and neighborhoods where rural migrants are concentrated are believed to be associated with poverty, disorderly conditions, and criminal activities (Solinger, ; Xu, ). As Tanner () observed, economic growth brought about many private entrepreneurs, migrant workers, and the urban unemployed who fall outside of the traditional work‐unit (or Danwei )‐based social control structure.…”

Section: Neighborhood Organization and Social Control In A Changing Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Social Control and Perceptions of Crime and Disorder in Contemporary Urban China*

2017

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KEYWORDS: neighborhood organization, social control, perceptions of crime and disorder, urban China By drawing on the two streams of Western literature on "neighborhood effects" and perceptions of neighborhood disorder adapted to the distinctive organizational infrastructure of neighborhoods in contemporary urban China, we examine the contextual effects of different forms of neighborhood social control (i.e., collective efficacy, semipublic control, public control, and market-based control) on different types of perceived disorder (i.e., criminal activity, social disorder, physical disorder, and total disorder) across neighborhoods. The analyses are based on data collected in the year 2013 from a survey of approximately 2,500 households in 50 neighborhoods across the city of Tianjin. Collective efficacy as a form of informal control has a significant effect only for perceived social disorder. Public control as measured by the activities of neighborhood police stations has a significant contextual effect on all forms of perceived disorder, whereas the role of market-based control as represented by contracted community services is limited to perceived physical disorder. Finally, semipublic control as measured by the activities of neighborhood committees significantly affects all forms of perceived disorder, but the direction of the effect is positive. We interpret this positive effect with reference to the complex processes surrounding the "translation" of neighborhood disorderly conditions into perceptions of disorder.A key development in criminology over the course of the past few decades has been the resurgence of interest in "neighborhood effects" to understand disorderly conditions, including criminal activity (Sampson, Morenoff, and Gannon-Rowley, 2002). As Skogan (2012: 174; has observed, the accumulated evidence is difficult to summarize succinctly because the concept of disorder encompasses a wide range of concrete

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Urbanization and inevitable migration

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Media Consumption and Fear of Crime in a Large Chinese City

Media Consumption and Fear of Crime in a Large Chinese City

Hukou Status and Sentencing in the Wake of Internal Migration: The Penalty Effect of Being Rural‐to‐Urban Migrants in China

Neighborhood Social Control and Perceptions of Crime and Disorder in Contemporary Urban China*

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