Urban transportation energy and carbon dioxide emission reduction strategies

Abstract

We established a 30-year-simplified system dynamics model. We simulated the effects of various urban transportation management policies. Our proposed approach develops appropriate models in other cities. a b s t r a c tSustainability is an urban development priority. Thus, energy and carbon dioxide emission reduction is becoming more significant in the sustainability of urban transportation systems. However, urban transportation systems are complex and involve social, economic, and environmental aspects. We present solutions for a sustainable urban transportation system by establishing a simplified system dynamics model with a timeframe of 30 years (from 1995 to 2025) to simulate the effects of urban transportation management policies and to explore their potential in reducing vehicular fuel consumption and mitigating CO 2 emissions. Kaohsiung City was selected as a case study because it is the second largest metropolis in Taiwan and is an important industrial center. Three policies are examined in the study including fuel tax, motorcycle parking management, and free bus service. Simulation results indicate that both the fuel tax and motorcycle parking management policies are suggested as potentially the most effective methods for restraining the growth of the number of private vehicles, the amount of fuel consumption, and CO 2 emissions. We also conducted a synthetic policy consisting of all policies which outperforms the three individual policies. The conclusions of this study can assist urban transport planners in designing appropriate urban transport management strategies and can assist transport operation agencies in creating operational strategies to reduce their energy consumption and CO 2 emissions. The proposed approach should be generalized in other cities to develop an appropriate model to understand the various effects of policies on energy and CO 2 emissions.

Impact assessment of supply-side and demand-side policies on energy consumption and CO2 emissions from urban passenger transportation: The case of Istanbul

“…Istanbul constitutes the main contributor to this increase because, as of 2016, it accommodates 18% of the total population of Turkey and 24% of its total registered cars (Turkstat, 2016c(Turkstat, , 2016b. There are many factors affecting CO2 emissions in the transport sector such as population, economy, travel demand, modal share, and energy consumption (Timilsina and Shrestha, 2009 of the research objectives, data availability and the previous studies in the field (Cheng et al, 2015;Egilmez and Tatari, 2012;Xue Liu et al, 2015). The data between 2000 and 2015 was analyzed to calibrate and verify parameters to use in our simulation model for the period between 2015 and 2025.…”

“…One of the main contributions of the paper was the developed database based on the existing global databases because most of the databanks in the field are in disorder and limited to city reports. Along the same line, another model is presented to explore the potential of different policy options in reducing vehicle fuel consumption and mitigating CO2 emissions for Kaohsiung City in Taiwan with a time frame from 1995 to 2025 (Cheng et al, 2015). This model considers urban road transport modes including city buses, light-heavy trucks, motorcycles, and passenger cars, and utilizes vehicle miles traveled and a number of vehicles for each mode to calculate associated energy consumption and CO2 emissions.…”

Investigating carbon tax pilot in YRD urban agglomerations—Analysis of a novel ESER system with carbon tax constraints and its application

“…Existing literatures on carbon tax studies mainly use dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model [20,25], dynamic economy wide model [23], modified Cross-Entropy solution method [27], TIMES (The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System) model [52], simplified system dynamics model [53] and so on. The research contents are multifarious, while there is little literature on carbon tax pilot.…”

Modelling sustainable urban travel in a whole systems energy model

“…Whilst the large-scale uptake of low carbon technologies is critical, significant opportunities exist for demand side orientated measures to play an important role [5][6][7]. This includes reducing travel intensity, reducing demand through price mechanisms, and increasing non-car transport alternatives.…”