Urban–rural inequalities in suicide mortality: a comparison of urbanicity indicators

Helbich, Marco; Blüml, Victor; Jong, T. de; Plener, Paul L.; Kwan, Mei‐Po; Kapusta, Nestor D.

doi:10.1186/s12942-017-0112-x

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Similar finding also found from a study in Iran. (Mohammadi et al, 2005), however a study in Germany showed different findings (Helbich et al, 2017). Education has been known as the crucial aspect in enable individual to cope stressors, however lower education not necessaryly reffers to lower stress coping, as it may confound with other social, cultural, economy and psychological determinants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression As a Strong Prediction of Suicide Risk

Mubasyiroh¹,

Pradono²,

Nurkhotimah³

et al. 2018

GJHS

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Suicide happens throughout one’s life and is a serious health problem. World Health Organization (WHO) placed suicidal problem as society health priority. Many things is related to suicide, among others mental disorders like depression, anxiety, alcohol consumption behavior, life pressure experienced, financial problem, personal relation, or so is chronic illness experienced, conflict occurred, disaster, harassment, alienation social demography characteristic. Objective research to identify the risk factor of suicidal thought in several regions in Indonesia. The study design was Cross sectional research conducted in 3 (three) districts/cities in Indonesia. Proportional illustration Sample taken conducted using stratified random sampling.  Fixed variables analyzed such as the suicidal thoughts with the independent variable are gender, age, marital status, education, employment, ownership statistic, depression, anxiety. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate using the SPSS software. The result of the research showed that suicidal behavior happened more often to depressed individual, lived in the cities, anxious, productive age group, has low education level. Respondent suffered through depression 11 times more likely to have suicidal thoughts. The risk of suicidal behavior also increased 5 times to respondent in the cities. Respondent living anxiety 2 times riskier to have suicidal intent. Blue collar respondent also 2 times more risk in comparison to civil servants to have suicidal intent. Therefore it can be concluded that The influence of psychological factors is more substantial to inflict suicidal behavior, even though there is also effect of the social economy factor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression As a Strong Prediction of Suicide Risk

Mubasyiroh¹,

Pradono²,

Nurkhotimah³

et al. 2018

GJHS

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“…However, research ( Blüml et al, 2017 , Helbich et al, 2015 ) remains on a coarse analytical scale focusing on intra-regional differences, which is too crude to explore how area-level urban environmental exposures correlate with mental health. As residential neighborhoods matter for health outcomes ( Diez Roux and Mair, 2010 , Macintyre and Ellaway, 2000 , Sampson et al, 2002 ), it is reasonable to analyze mental health within cities on a detailed scale beyond the crude urban–rural dichotomy ( Peen et al, 2010 , Helbich et al, 2017 , Liu et al, 2015 ). Inter-urban study designs markedly increase the conceptual and methodological complexity of analyses, as environmental exposures not only directly affect people's mental health, but also moderate other risk and protective factors.…”

Section: From Static To Dynamic Exposure Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward dynamic urban environmental exposure assessments in mental health research

Helbich

2018

Environmental Research

189

133

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It is increasingly recognized that mental disorders are affected by both personal characteristics and environmental exposures. The built, natural, and social environments can either contribute to or buffer against metal disorders. Environmental exposure assessments related to mental health typically rely on neighborhoods within which people currently live. In this article, I call into question such neighborhood-based exposure assessments at one point in time, because human life unfolds over space and across time. To circumvent inappropriate exposure assessments and to better grasp the etiologies of mental disease, I argue that people are exposed to multiple health-supporting and harmful exposures not only during their daily lives, but also over the course of their lives. This article aims to lay a theoretical foundation elucidating the impact of dynamic environmental exposures on mental health outcomes. I examine, first, the possibilities and challenges for mental health research to integrate people's environmental exposures along their daily paths and, second, how exposures over people's residential history might affect mental health later in life. To push the borders of scientific inquiries, I stress that only such mobility-based approaches facilitate an exploration of exposure duration, exposure sequences, and exposure accumulation.

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“…England and Wales (Gunnell et al, 2012;Middleton et al, 2004), Germany (Helbich et al, 2017a) and the United States (Trgovac et al, 2015). More than half of the world's population now resides in urban areas (United Nations, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterning, correlates, and inequality in suicide across 432 neighborhoods in Taipei City, Taiwan

Lin

Hsu

Gunnell

et al. 2019

Social Science & Medicine

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More than half of the world's population now lives in urban areas. Understanding the spatial distribution of suicide in these settings may inform prevention. Previous analyses of the spatial distribution of suicide in cities were mostly restricted to Western nations. We investigated the spatial pattern of suicide and factors associated with its spatial distribution in Taipei City, Taiwan. We estimated smoothed standardized mortality ratios for overall suicide and suicide by sex/age group across 432 neighborhoods (mean population size: 5,500) in Taipei City, Taiwan (2004-2010) using Bayesian hierarchical models. A range of area-level characteristics including socioeconomic deprivation, social fragmentation, income inequality, and linking social capital were investigated for their associations with suicide mortality. Overall suicide rates were below average in the city center, whereas above average rates were found in some suburbs. The cartogram highlighted the concentration of suicide burden in the western area of the city. Male suicides demonstrated generally similar spatial patterning across age groups, while the geographic distribution of female suicides differed by age. After adjusting for other variables, two area characteristics were found to be associated with area suicide rates: the proportion of divorced/separated adults (rate ratio [RR] per one standard deviation increase =1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.16), an indicator of social fragmentation; and median household income (RR=0.80, 0.73-0.86), an indicator of socioeconomic deprivation. There was a 1.8-fold difference in suicide rates between neighborhood quintiles with the lowest and the highest median household income, with middle-aged males showing the largest gradient (3.2-fold difference). The geography of suicide in Taipei City showed spatial patterning and socioeconomic correlates distinct from cities in Western nations. There is a need for future research to better understand the correlates of change in the geographic distribution of suicide throughout the process of urban development.

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Urban–rural inequalities in suicide mortality: a comparison of urbanicity indicators

Cited by 53 publications

References 60 publications

Depression As a Strong Prediction of Suicide Risk

Depression As a Strong Prediction of Suicide Risk

Toward dynamic urban environmental exposure assessments in mental health research

Spatial patterning, correlates, and inequality in suicide across 432 neighborhoods in Taipei City, Taiwan

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