Urban Neighborhood Features and Longitudinal Weight Development in Girls

McTigue, Kathleen M.; Cohen, Elan D.; Moore, Charity G.; Hipwell, Alison E.; Loeber, Rolf; Kuller, Lewis H.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.021

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(70 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Results of this study support the hypothesis that higher neighborhood-level crime predicts greater increases in BMI. This is consistent with some, but not all previous longitudinal studies on U.S. children ( McTigue et al, 2015 ; Gable et al, 2007 ; Cecil-Karb & Grogan-Kaylor, 2009 ; Bacha et al, 2010 ; Datar et al, 2013 ). The reasons for the mixed findings are most likely due to different methodological approaches taken especially with the crime measures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Beyond this, little evidence exists linking crime to changes in weight and weight status in children. The six longitudinal studies on U.S. children conducted to date are informative, but have methodological weaknesses limiting their utility for providing clarification in this area ( McTigue et al, 2015 ; Gable et al, 2007 ; Cecil-Karb & Grogan-Kaylor, 2009 ; Bacha et al, 2010 ; Datar et al, 2013 ; Mendoza & Liu, 2014 ). All used non-validated parental surveys (four had only one item) that asked about neighborhood safety or markers of crime but not crime itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Actual neighborhood-level crime predicts body mass index z-score changes in a multi-racial/ethnic sample of children

Suminski

Robson

May

et al. 2018

Preventive Medicine Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify the influence crime has on health outcomes in children especially children representing multiple racial/ethnic backgrounds. To address this need, the current study examined whether neighborhood-level crime predicted changes in body mass index z (BMIz) scores in 373 White (W), 627 African American (AA), 1020 Hispanic (H), and 88 Asian (A), five to ten year-old boys and girls living in urban neighborhoods. Heights and weights were assessed at baseline (2012) and three-years later and used to calculate BMIz scores. Characteristics of zip codes where students lived during the three-year period were obtained at baseline from various sources. The Crime Risk Index (CRI) for each zip code was calculated using actual crime statistics. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between baseline CRI and follow-up BMIz scores while controlling for other variables including BMIz at baseline. The CRI and BMIz scores differed significantly by race/ethnicity with the highest values for both noted in H. Regression analyses indicated that the CRI accounted for a significant percentage of the variance in follow-up BMIz scores in the overall sample. When race/ethnicity was considered, the CRI predicted follow-up BMIz scores only in W children. The CRI was not significantly associated with BMIz scores in the other races/ethnicities. The impact actual, neighborhood-level crime has on BMI in children is complex. Based on the existing evidence, considering actual crime as a primary target in obesity prevention would be premature especially in racial/ethnicity minority children living in urban areas.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actual neighborhood-level crime predicts body mass index z-score changes in a multi-racial/ethnic sample of children

Suminski

Robson

May

et al. 2018

Preventive Medicine Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of these, 53 articles were excluded. The remaining 22 studies that examined the longitudinal relationship between neighbourhood safety and children's weight‐related behaviours and/or outcomes were included in the review .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weight‐related behaviour included physical activity (hours week −1 ). Several studies were excluded from the meta‐analysis due to the following reasons: neither standard error nor confidence interval (CI) was reported , effect size was unable to be transformed into a standardized coefficient (i.e. beta coefficient) due to limited information reported , the unit of effect size was inconsistent with others and less than two studies reported the same outcome variable .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of neighbourhood safety on childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies

Yang

Hoschke

et al. 2017

Obesity Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unsafe residential neighborhoods are thought to be a risk factor for childhood obesity by discouraging physical activity while encouraging sedentary behaviors, but findings from cross-sectional studies are susceptible to selection bias (e.g., children who are obese disproportionately reside in unsafe neighborhoods). A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles published until January 2017 that used baseline neighborhood safety levels to predict future weight-related behaviors and body weight status among children aged 17 years and younger. Twenty-two prospective cohort studies conducted in seven countries were identified. The median sample size was 1,104, and the median follow-up was 3.5 years. Sixteen studies used parent- and/or child-reported neighborhood safety measures, and six adopted some objective measures (e.g., county crime rate, interviewers’ block observations). The meta-analysis found that living in unsafe neighborhoods was associated with a reduction in children’s physical activity by 0.13 hours/week. Living in unsafe neighborhoods predicted a trivial (but statistically significant) gain in BMI but no change in childhood overweight/obesity risk. Current research indicates a limited influence of neighborhood safety on childhood obesity; this finding could be partially due to measurement problems. Future longitudinal studies should adopt validated neighborhood safety measures.

show abstract

“…Each measure was based on responses to established questions. (26) Additionally, neighborhood was characterized according to trained interviewers’ perception about whether the participant’s block was predominantly single-family housing. U.S. Census statistics (2010) for households below poverty (%) and households with less than a high school education (%) were based on 2010 postal zip code defined neighborhoods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity Levels for Four Years in a Cohort of Urban-Dwelling Adolescent Females

Rockette‐Wagner

Hipwell

Kriska³

et al. 2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Evidence suggests that female adolescents and those living in urban environments may have lower physical activity (PA) levels compared to their peers. Yet, few studies report PA for urban adolescent females and there is no consensus regarding potential causes for low PA in this subgroup. We examined PA levels, in a large, diverse cohort of 14–17 year old urban-dwelling females and assessed the impact of socio-economic, personal, and neighborhood/environmental factors on PA. Methods One week of time-stamped step count data was collected on 926 girls from the Pittsburgh Girls Study (PGS) at four annual visits. Valid recordings (worn at least 10 hours on 3+ days) were examined and compared to normalized step count values from a U.S. population-representative sample. Relationships between important covariates and average steps/day were examined with regression models. Results Adjusted mean (stdev) step counts/day at baseline were 5,614 (2,434) after controlling for important covariates with less than 6% of girls achieving at least 10,000 steps/day. PGS girls accrued ~45% of their steps during school hours. Age specific, median step counts/day for study participants were similar to the 25th percentile of U.S. population normalized values and did not significantly change over follow-up. Non-Hispanic African American race/ethnicity was associated with higher average step counts/day; obesity and a recent childbirth were associated with lower average step counts/day. Conclusions Step counts in this cohort of urban adolescent girls were considerably lower than expected for U.S. adolescent females. Targeted efforts to improve PA levels in urban youth should consider the importance of school-based activity while increasing PA opportunities outside of school.

show abstract

Urban Neighborhood Features and Longitudinal Weight Development in Girls

Abstract: Social environment features are associated with BMI change in white and African American urban girls and may be helpful for identifying girls at risk for early adolescent weight gain.

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Actual neighborhood-level crime predicts body mass index z-score changes in a multi-racial/ethnic sample of children

Actual neighborhood-level crime predicts body mass index z-score changes in a multi-racial/ethnic sample of children

Influence of neighbourhood safety on childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies

Activity Levels for Four Years in a Cohort of Urban-Dwelling Adolescent Females

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About